Legal Research Pathfinder Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Pathfinder - Research Paper Example C. 2008). That is child sexual harassment. As per Dziech, sexual harassment in education remains an overlooked problem in the society, with the senior management of these educational institutions refusing its existence and refraining from taking any strict, efficacious action against it (Lewis, J. F., & Hastings, S. C. 1994; Layman, N. S. 1994; Machay, J.). Needless to say, this problem exists even outside educational institutions and does warrant some immediate action against it. This is my personal opinion that when we adults are more or less aware of what is going on, when someone whistles in the street or leers at us in the elevator, a child does not have the necessary level of social understanding and power to know what is going on and how to stand up against it, not to mention of the subsequent mental trauma and depression (W. L. Felstiner, R. L. Abel & A. Sarat, 1980-1981). Being responsible citizens of the country, it is our duty to take care of the future of our country, and these children are the future of our country. Needless to say, every state has its own set of child sexual abuse laws and a person who has been impeached with child sexual abuse at the federal level, may still face serious consequences at the state level. Statutory rape, in the simplest of definitions, is basically sexual exploitation of the minor (USC Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure). As noted in the IPT Journal - "Child Sexual Abuse: Is the Routine Provision of Psychotherapy Warranted?† The notion that child sexual abuse is a "destroyer" of mental health  has been based largely on studies involving clinical samples (Berliner & Elliott, 1996). And this is proved by a numerous real-life examples as well. For example, the study done by the social working group ‘Mkombozi’ on the Tanzanian schools showed a shocking incident of a young boy being sexually abused by the members of the neighborhood school (CRIN - Violence Study -

Jury Trail Analysis Essay Example for Free

Jury Trail Analysis Essay A Jury Trail is a trial that proceeds like any other trial however the judges do not determine guilt or innocence in the case. A group of people that have been selected by both the defense and the prosecution sides in the case. These people that have been selected have sworn to inquire into matters of fact and reach a verdict on the basis of the evidence that during the case has been presented to them(Thefreedictionary, 2013). The trial by jury has become the central role in the criminal justice system. The Jury Trail has been known as an impartial was for a person to get a fair trial. This is based on that the person being tried having people just like them minus the crime being the one to decided guilt of innocence. The steps in a jury trial are as follows, selection of jury, the trial, the judge charge, deliberation, the verdict (Thefreedictionary, 2013). The jury selection process is quite a process. It starts with the county calling in its citizens for what is called a Voir Dire. This is the process by which citizens are questioned before being selected to hear evidence as juror (Thefreedictionary, 2013). After the questioning process the selected jury will be sworn in to hear evidence in the case. The trial is where both sides will present their evidence and arguments in the case. This is also were the judge may give remarks to the jury. Sides will give opening speeches, witnesses are called for direct and cross-examination and exhibits are presented (Thefreedictionary, 2013). Once both sided have presented their sides of the arguments they will give summary and closing arguments. The judge’s charge is after the defense and the prosecutions have presented their case and have given their closing arguments. The judge instructs the jury as to what laws apply to the case and what those laws mean(Nolo, 2013). The judge could also give the jury more information on the case and allow them to see evidence that was presented in the case. The Deliberation is when the jury goes into a private room to discuss the case and reach a decision. They may talk to no one except the Judge if they have questions. The verdict is when the jury returns to the courtroom and the foreperson announces the decision. The attorneys may ask that the jury be polled(Nolo, 2013). This is when each juror is asked separately there decision on each charge in the case. After the jury has made and read their decision on the case the judge will decide what the sentence will be for each count in the case. The selection of a fair and unbiased jury has a process that may take some time. The court that is handling the trial will bring in many different people that live in the area. Then they are asked a set of questions pertaining to their thoughts about certain topics that may or may not pertain to the case that they will or will not hear. The jury that is picked has to be chosen by both sides, the prosecutor and the defense team have to agree for the person to be made a jury member. A person has to show the courts that they don’t hold resentment towards a certain action, class of people, groups, actions on a person or the courts itself. The jury that is then chosen is taken to a room and sworn in and given instructions on what the do’s and don’ts are during their duty. The sixth amendment is a part of the constitution that gives the public the right to a public trial in criminal cases. These are where the court room is open to friends and family of the defendant and the victim of the crime. It also allow for a person to get a jury trial and a speedy trial. The confrontation clause of the Sixth Amendment gives defendants the right to be confronted by the witnesses against them. This gives defendants the right to cross-examine witnesses that is, the right to require the witnesses to come to court, look the defendant in the eye, and subject themselves to questioning by the defense(Nolo, 2013). The sixth amendment also provides that all people have the right to be represented by and attorney. A defendant shall provide their own defense; if they cannot afford a attorney the judge will appoint one for them at no cost to them. They also have the right to adequate representation. If there attorney of the one appointed to them by the courts does not, call favorable witnesses, object to mistakes, uses drugs, or a attorney that no long can handle cases, then they do not have adequate representation. There is a clause in the Fifth Amendment that states a person will be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.

Displays of Love in Endymion and Tamburlaine Essay -- Marlowe Lily

Comparing and contrasting the kinds of love represented by Tellus and Endymion in Lyly’s comedy of errors, Edymion, and the love between Tamburlaine and Zenocrate in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine show similarities where passions drive lovers to capture suitors, but differ in one couple desiring the unattainable, and another taking action to attain. Love is presented in different ways, specifically in Lyly’s play the love is unattainable and unreal, as opposite in Marlowe’s play the love is attainable. Both, couples also have similarities when lovers are driven by their passions. We can judge Tellus by her actions and their consequences. If she loves Endymion, she has a strange way of showing it. Tellus in the end is responsible for arranging a sorceress to put him into a deep sleep that lasts decades and robs him of his youth. When confronted by Cynthia in 5.4, Tellus confesses her wicked actions and professes her love for Endymion. Tellus’ love for Endymion is so intense that it made her dangerously possessive of him. She tells Cynthia of a â€Å"not-to-be-expressed yet always-to-be-felt love.† (5.4.71) Tellus’ love sickens her, and when she realizes her lover loves another, her love turns into hate. Perhaps hate and love are similar in this play. They are similar in the way that they are intensely the extreme. Extreme love makes Tellus sick, and extreme hate makes her act on revenge to hurt her love. Her excuse for wicked ways is that her body was becoming sick from this kind of love. Her feelings are psychologically re al, but incredible unhealthy. She rationalizes her actions by pleading a kind of self-defense. Tellus is a dangerous, possessive woman, who probably never really experienced love that is kind, gentle a... ...n unattainable love, but Tamburlaine wins it through battle. Though Tamburlaine captures Zenocrate, he does not rape her. Instead, he professes to win her love and her heart with the only means he knows how – through battle. In conclusion, the lovers in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine and Edymion and Tellus in Lyly’s Endymion are all consumed and controlled by their passions. Both couple are relatively young in the psychologically stages of their love and both couples initially victims and capture love. Perhaps the greatest difference is that Marlowe has written a love story that ends in victory. Just as Tamburlaine is a great conquer in the battlefield, he, too is a great conquer in love. His prize is Zenocrate and her heart opens to him. Whereas Tamburlaine is victorious, our lovers, Endymion and Tellus, reach for the unattainable, and lose in the end.

‘Deadly Unna?’ By Phillip Gwynne Essay

‘Deadly Unna?’ was the first novel of the famous Australian author, Phillip Gwynne, published in 1998. The fascinating drama novel expresses the inter-racial friendship between two teenage boys, Gary â€Å"Blacky† Black and â€Å"Dumby† Red. The book focuses on many complications the adolescence face, for example racism, favouritism, relationships, families, exclusion and more. ‘Deadly Unna?’ is set in the Port and Peninsula of South Australia, the ‘Goonyas’ (white Australians) are based in the Port and the ‘Nungas’ (the Aboriginals) are located on the Peninsula. The reason for this separation is to emphasise the racial tension between the white Australians and the Aboriginals that the author is trying to present. The story is told from the perspective of the main character, ‘Blacky’. As the story is being told by a white Australian you would be led to believe that it is going to be a very biased story but in this case it is quite the opposite situation. Gary Black is one of the few, if not the only, characters from the Port that truly understands the similarity that the two races acquire which enables the readr to see Aboriginals in a different light from the generalised/sterotypical image common in Australia. Gary â€Å"Blacky† Black is the major character in this novel, as the basis of the book revolves around him and his experiences and complications he faces in his youthful life. Blacky is more academic then he is sport orientated, though saying this he does play football. Blacky has a rather large family consisting of eight children, a stay-at-home mother and a hindering father. Blacky gets along with his siblings though they do have the occasional conflict, he is proud of his mother but unfortunately has a weak relationship with his father because of a previous controversy. Though Dumby Red did not physically appear very often throughout the book,  one particular incident involving Dumby Red arose great racial contention. Dumby Red was a very enthusiastic, optimistic and extremely self-assertive character. He was responsible for Blacky’s change of mind towards the Aboriginals, he was the one the made Blacky see the Aboriginals for who they really are, not who they are said to be. ‘Pickles’ is Blacky’s best friend, he in highly intolerable with his disgusting habits and his lack of general hygiene and know one will ever know why Blacky’s relationship with him is so strong. ‘Arks’ is Blacky’s over enthusiastic and encouraging football coach, he was a great influence on Blacky’s football performance in the grand final. Clarence is Dumby Red’s sister, at one point in the novel Blacky was rather fond of her though he was warned by Darcy that he must be careful who he associates himself with. Darcy is Blackys next door neighbour, the elderly man is very king to young Blacky and is always full of good advice, Blacky enjoys spending time with him and hearing about his fascinating life. The book is separated into two sections, winter and summer. Winter being the football season and summer the off season. The beginning of the novel focuses on football and Blacky’s attempt to be the hero of his team. It briefly touches on relationship and racial difficulties though the real complications reach their climax towards summer. Horrific crimes occur making the plot very interesting, people are being blamed, hearts are being broken and choices are having to be made. The Port’s football team make the grand final, disaster occurs on a boat, family relationships are tested, there is dispute at the football awards, the death of a well loved character provokes outrage throughout the community, true friendship is being questioned and Blacky follows his heart to do what is right. The purpose/aim of ‘Deadly Unna?’ is to highlight the seriousness of racism that takes place in the country we live in, as well as focusing on many concerns that adolescences face today. This is very effective as the book is intended for young adults meaning they are able to relate and compare their  lives to the ones created in the book. The use of Australian ‘slang’ (for example youse, ya and g’day) in the novel was also very powerful as it strengthened the realism of the characters. Many people nowadays do speak with ‘slang’ and it is the stereotypical way the true Australians communicate. A definite strength of the book is that it is written in first person, the use of Blacky’s thoughts and feelings throughout allows insight into the life he lives during the dramas that occur. The fact that Blacky was not bias in his feeling towards the Aborigines also assisted in allowing the reader to understand both sides of the racial conflict. The only minor weaknesses in the novel were the friendship between Blacky and Dumby Red. Though is does discus how good of ‘mates’ they were, it did not go into great detail of the complexities they face because of their inter-racial relationship. The other flaw in the novel was the misleading blurb, the blurb deceives the reader to think that the story line will be revolved around Blacky and Dumby Red facing the community whereas it focus on the much broader community facing the truth about the Aborigines. Overall the book was thoroughly enjoyable and should be recommended to other teenagers. The humour the novel possesses mixed in with the moving theme of racism made the book a worthwhile read. As James Bryce, a diplomat, historian and politician, said â€Å"The worth of the book is measured by what you can carry away from it†.

Technology In Private Healthcare Sector Health And Social Care Essay

There has been increasing usage of Health Information Technology ( HIT ) into governmental and private wellness attention sector. The authorities has already spent plenty on federally regulated wellness industries for implementing HIT, and achieved favourable results. The private health care organisations like place health care, group place, grownup Foster attention, private patterns, and rehabilitation centres are the targeted centres for implementing HIT to better the quality of attention, lessening wellness costs and diminish medical mistakes. The execution of HIT has many possible positive effects, but it besides has few negative effects that have to be resolve in close hereafter. The demand of implementing HIT is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours because of deceitful activities may endanger state ‘s wellness. This research survey concludes that execution of HIT has possible to better state ‘s wellness attention services. Section I: Definition OF THE PROBLEMBackgroundThe wellness attention system of United States began as a chiefly voluntary or generous system where patients paid small to no money for wellness attention services. Since its initial phases, this system has undergone some major alterations ( Thomas-Brogan, 2009 ) . Health attention has now evolved into a concern organic structure that requires considered planning, fiscal direction, equipped controls, and efficient fortes to keep its feasibleness in both governmental and private wellness sectors. Harmonizing to Thomas-Brogan ( 2009 ) , â€Å" the wellness attention industry is one of the largest industries in United States, using over 13 million workers with the jutting addition of over 3 million new occupations by the twelvemonth 2014 † . The mean life expectancy for U.S. citizen is 77.9 old ages of age, harmonizing to the National Center for Health Statistics. As the mean life anticipation bound additions, the aged citizens, whic h is the largest group of wellness attention consumers, will besides turn wellness attention industries ( Thomas-Brogan, 2009 ) . Due to current progresss in engineering and emerging jobs associated with efficiency and quality of wellness attention services, there are some chances to better quality life for underserved United States citizens through execution of information engineerings ( Moiduddin & A ; Moore, 2008 ) . The attending is being targeted towards the potency of Health Information Technology ( HIT ) in private health care industries to diminish wellness attention costs and to better quality, safety and efficiency of wellness attention services in United States of America ( kaiserEDU, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Miller ( 2005 ) , in 1999 the Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) surprised the American population with its estimation that between 40,000 to 90,000 lives were lost due to medical mistakes. While the IOM established a balanced facet of the root causes, many wellness attention organisations seized a solution to better quality attention of the patient: Computerized Supplier Order Entry ( CPOE ) . The effectual drivers of investing in HIT contain the promise of quality and efficiency additions. Key privateness moralss for screening personal information have been in continuance for old ages and supply a charity for privateness Torahs, patterns, and policies ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . In 1996, the execution and ordinance of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ( HIPAA ) define the conditions under which an person ‘s privy wellness information may be used or disclosed. In April 2004, under the supervising of President Bush an executive order has been issued for the development and execution of interoperable HIT in both the populace and private sectors to better the effectivity of wellness attention services in United States, and developing the office of the National Coordinator for HIT ( ONC ) ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . The barriers of execution of Information Technology ( IT ) include the beginning cost and complex construction of IT execution, which often requires important procedures and cultural alterations ( Medpac, 2004 ) . Certain features of wellness attention like payment policies and fragmented bringing system can besides present barrier for IT acceptance. Over cumbrous informations and deficiency of convenience of doctor besides considered as barriers for implementing IT system in wellness attention. Security and privateness issues for patient information besides can play function as barriers in wellness information engineering.Statement of the jobThere is grounds to propose that Health Information Technology has potential to better the quality of attention in state ‘s wellness attention services.Purpose of the surveyThe intent of this survey is to heighten readers ‘ consciousness about benefits available sing Health Information Technology in private wellness attention sector which could better state ‘s wellness and wealth.Research QuestionsThe undermentioned research inquiries created the solid foundation for this research. The inquiry stated will assist to place how to utilize the information engineering in wellness attention system, what are the chief concentrated countries for the execution of HIT, and the negative and positive effects of HIT. Does wellness information engineering have capableness to better the quality attention, cut down medical mistakes and wellness attention costs? What are the positive and negative effects of implementing wellness information engineering in private wellness attention sector?Definition of footingsElectronic Health Record ( EHR ) : â€Å" The Electronic Health record ( EHR ) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient wellness information generated by one or more brushs in any attention bringing scene † ( himms.org, 2010 ) . These electronic wellness records include patients ‘ demographics, advancement sheets, diagnosing and medicine lists, research lab consequences and radiology studies. These wellness records streamline the doctor ‘s work procedure. Underserved U.S. citizens: Underserved U.S. citizens mean those citizens populating in U.S. still non having proper wellness attention services. The major features of this type of population are hapless ; uninsured ; have limited English linguistic communication proficiency ; lack acquaintance or complexness with wellness attention system ; and those who live in rural countries ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . E-Prescription: E-Prescription is â€Å" a prescriber ‘s ability to electronically direct an accurate, error-free and apprehensible prescription straight to a pharmaceutics from the point-of-care † ( CMS, 2010 ) . In 2003, the constitution of electronic prescribing in the Medicare Modernization Act ( MMA ) was the first measure, and in July 2006 the Institute of Medicine developed the function of e-prescribing in diminishing medical mistakes, and helped to heighten the apprehension of e-prescribing in patient safety. Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) : CPOE is defined as a computing machine system that permits direct credence of medical orders by the professional who has licence and civil autonomies to make so. The benefit of direct come ining orders in COPE system is reduced mistakes by disregarding the uncertainness of hand-written medical orders ( CPOE, 2009 ) . Clinical Decision Support ( CDS ) : Cadmium is a information system premeditated to better clinical determination doing sing patients ‘ diagnostic and curative advancement of attention ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid ( CMS ) : CMS is a federal bureau of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, antecedently known as Health Care Financing Administration ( HCFA ) which governs Medicare Programs, Medicaid Programs, State Children ‘s Programs ( SCHIP ) , and other wellness portability plans. The Medicare and Medicaid were established through Social Security Act on July 30, 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson ( CMS, 2010 ) .RestrictionsDue to the six hebdomads clip restraint, it would be deficient to carry on more primary and secondary research on current proviso of wellness information engineering in wellness attention installations. Therefore, the figure of research will be limited due to the short clip period. Section II: Reappraisal OF LITERATUREIntroductionInformation Technology includes informations direction, networking, technology computing machine hardware, package design, database design and direction and disposal of systems. Information Technology uses electronic computing machine package which allows converting, hive awaying, protecting, processing, conveying and recovering the information in a unafraid manner. Information Technology allows sharing calculating power and split work load between different systems ( Hill, 2010 ) . Health Information Technology ( HIT ) is the wide model to depict the comprehensive direction of wellness information with the secure transmittal between wellness information consumer and wellness attention supplier. The wellness information engineering can be identified as the most promising tool to better the overall quality, safety every bit good as efficiency of the wellness bringing and receiving system ( NACCHO, 2010 ) . The wellness attention system of United States of America consists of governmental wellness organisations and private wellness organisations. Implementation of Health Information Technology has been playing function since 1990s, but Congress could non accomplish success in implementing HIT in private sectors of wellness industries such as, place wellness attention, nursing places, grownup Foster attention, group places, place doctor services, pressing attention, rehabilitation plans, skilled nursing installations, etc. The wellness attention services in these countries count about 40 % of entire wellness attention outgo by wellness insurance companies. Even though available benefits by federal, many wellness organisations are non ready to utilize advanced wellness information engineering to better quality services. The health care section of United States of America is puting over $ 1.7 trillion yearly in wellness attention services ; still the citizens are inundated with pathetic quality and inefficient services ( RAND Health, 2005 ) . The Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) , the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics ( NCVHS ) , and other proficient panels have recognized information engineering as one of the most dominating cogwheels for cut downing medical mistakes, diminishing wellness attention costs, and educating the quality of wellness attention services. The end for these systems is to work impeccably as an component of a National Health Information Infrastructure ( NHII ) , which could ease wellness attention suppliers anyplace in the state to entree patient information at the point of attention ( Redhead, 2005 ) . In early 1987, a particular study was published on infirmary information system at the Veterans Administration sing its efficiency. That early attempt was the gradual oncoming of wellness information sciences, but absence of advanced engineerings ceased down the early success. But strong attempts by the authoritiess and fiscal bond outs helped Health Information Technology to deep their roots into the land. The lone drawback of implementing wellness information engineering in little wellness industries and organisations is an expensive initial apparatus of engineering ( RAND Health, 2005 ) . Most of the wellness attention suppliers need advanced information technological system to organize a patient ‘s attention with other wellness attention suppliers. This system transfers required wellness records, size up conformity with bar and disease direction rules, and buttocks and percolate up public presentations ( RAND Health, 2005 ) . Each province in United States has its ain health care squad to implement Health Information Technology into their wellness attention system. Michigan is the great illustration which has good developed health care squad called the Michigan Health Information Network ( MiHIN ) ( MiHIN, 2010 ) . The MiHIN is initiated by State of Michigan to concentrate in betterment of quality wellness attention services, efficiency, and safety of the patients. The MiHIN is a joint venture by the Michigan Department of Community Health ( MDCH ) and the Michigan Department of Information Technology ( MDIT ) . The MiHIN is seting indispensable attempt in wellness attention suppliers to utilize electronic wellness records in a important manner that permits patient ‘s medical records to be available as it needed ( MiHIN, 2010 ) .Why Healthcare System of United States Needs HITThe wellness attention system of United States becomes more and more expensive, and the entire outgo by the wellness attentio n section is about $ 1.9 trillion or $ 6,500 per capita each twelvemonth. The relationship between the growing of wellness attention disbursement and current economic system is per se compound and multidimensional. The addition in wellness attention outgo can be considered as a weight on immense economic growing and as a driving force of local prosperity. At a local degree, the growing in wellness attention disbursement is viewed as good portion, because its creates more occupations in wellness attention sector, increases wage criterions, expands local grosss, and increases usage of wellness related goods and services ( U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services, 2004 ) . The tabular array 1 shows passing on wellness attention services in comparing with other disbursals such as energy, labour, pension, judicial proceeding and adoption in twelvemonth 2004. Table 1. Greatest Cost Pressure on U.S. Businesss Beginning: The U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services ( 2004 ) . The effects of Healthcare disbursement on U.S. economic system. Retrieved March 17, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //aspe.hhs.gov/health/costgrowth/ The tabular array 1 sum-ups entire per centum cost of wellness attention services by authorities in comparing with other disbursals. In the twelvemonth 2004, the entire wellness attention outgo counted for 43 % from the whole governmental outgo. The sky-rocketing cost of wellness attention services and increased fraudulent activities by wellness attention suppliers played a large function in weaving off authorities histories. The chief ground in holding HIT effectual into the health care system is to diminish the fraud activities and therefore lessenings healthcare disbursals. In the current health care market many wellness attention frauds were caught by FBI and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. The biggest medical fraud was settled in June, 2003 paying $ 1.7 billion by HCA Inc – the health care company in amendss originating false claims to Medicare and other wellness insurance plans by federal. The proprietor of the company Bill Frist was involved in civil liability for fraud claims due to assortment of illegal activities, fraud charge and payment to doctors by hard currency kickbacks ( Bozita, 2009 ) .Tools of HIT in Private Health Care SectorThere are different types of tools for implementing HIT into the wellness attention system for private patterns, such as Electronic Health Records, E-prescription, Computerized Decision Support ( CDS ) , and the Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) . The usage of these HIT tools varies by their maps, and besides depends on the medical installation utilizing them consequently. The usage and benefits of these tools concrete in improved quality attention, diminish medical mistakes, and cut down wellness attention costs. And the description of part replies absolutely to oppugn one of the research. The description of the widely recognized tools is following: Electronic Health Records The Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) can be defined as the electronically available wellness records of a patient, created for speedy and easy entree for both, physicians and patient, at any clip with unafraid cyberspace sites, and created by one or more than one wellness attention suppliers. This record covers the patient history, get downing from present reference, immunization/vaccination, any wellness conditions, any medicines or prescription, advancement notes, medical trials conducted and its consequences ( HIMSS, 2010 ) . An first-class illustration for implementing EHR into the system is Palo Alto Medical Foundation ( PAMF ) which has all its patients ‘ information electronically saved into their database. The handiness of electronic wellness record at unafraid internet site of PAMF by their patients let them to see of import constituents of their medical records, reexamine the medical trial consequences and discourse it with doctors, petition electronic prescription an d renew or do assignments ( PAMF, 2010 ) . EHR besides allows doctor and office member of private patterns to remain off from documents and at finger tip they can hold the patient history in forepart of them as needed. Health attention suppliers are besides able to reexamine patient ‘s insurance information along with the charge information. Physicians are now able to mention the patient to specialist or surgeon if they want to supply expertness intervention. Before ordering any drugs, they can reexamine the patient history or information if any drug interactions are at that place ( PAMF, 2010 ) . The study conducted in November 2007 shows 63 % of 2153 U.S. grownups had agreed that the sharing of the electronic wellness record allow patients to have better wellness attention as a ground of now physicians and research workers are available to portion the information and same clip are able to extinguish the medical mistakes ( Bright, 2007 ) . E-Prescription E-prescription has been explained as the key to better patient safety and to cut down expensive medicine costs. E-prescription is an electronic way to compose prescription by come ining informations through e-prescription package and reassign informations to take parting pharmaceuticss. It is estimated that due to medical prescription mistakes around 7000 deceases occur every twelvemonth in United States of America. These mistakes are fundamentally due to hand-writing illegibility, false dose information, and missed medicine-medicine or medicine-allergy reactions. Around 3 billion paper based prescription written yearly, which counts the biggest paper-based concerns in United States of America ( Pennell, 2009 ) . The construction and map of the e-prescription package are setup with full of benefits and extraordinary characteristics. The warning and watchful system of the package provide guidelines on holding the incorrect information on the prescribed drugs. The package is equipped with medicine direction procedure with the aid of Drug Utilization Review ( DUR ) plans. The DUR plans check patient ‘s current medicine program for drug-drug interactions, drug-allergy interactions, multiple diagnosings, right dose of prescribed drugs, inauspicious effects, etc. Many of the new soft-wares can besides entree patients ‘ program of wellness with the diagnosings and intervention at a clip of ordering drugs as an qui vive if there is any drug wrongness ( Pennell, 2009 ) . The private patterns and place wellness bureaus receive 1000000s of phone calls from pharmaceuticss sing the prescribed medical specialties, doses, and refill petitions. An E-prescription helps to cut down the phone calls and call-backs for pharmaceuticss and physician ‘s offices. The study conducted in 2003 by Medco Health Solutions has ruled out that doctors and the staff of doctors ‘ offices in Boston spend one tierce of their office clip in replying pharmaceutics phone calls, facsimiling prescriptions, draw out charts, replenishing charts, call-backs which reduces office work flow and productiveness ( Pennell, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Pennell ( 2009 ) , it is estimated that 20 % of the hand-written prescription orders go lost and ne'er filled by the patient at pharmaceuticss. But the e-prescription systems increase patient conformity by progressing the filling of prescription and provides drug literature printed to the patient. It besides helps patients to better formulary attachment by look intoing generic substances at point of attention. It increases patient convenience by cut downing their visits to pharmaceuticss and diminishing their waiting periods ( Pennell, 2009 ) . Recent study by Pamela Dolan ( 2010 ) describes a important rise in the figure of wellness attention suppliers who prescribe medicine electronically. In private wellness attention sector, there is merely one doctor out of four seeking to utilize e-prescription. The Surecripts, state ‘s largest e-prescribing web, released advancement study which shows important advancement in utilizing e-prescription. Table 2 shows the drastic rush of Numberss of wellness attention suppliers utilizing engineering from 2007 to 2009. Table 2: E-prescription Growth Industry Beginning: Dolan, P. L. ( 2010, March 15 ) . E-prescribing growth, but most patterns still do non usage it. Retrieved March 16, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amaassn.org/amednews/2010/03/15/bisb0315.htm In sum-up of Table 2, it is cleared that the consciousness of benefits by utilizing wellness information engineering is widely spread out amongst the doctors and the infirmaries. The addition in Numberss itself says that the demand for wellness information technological tools is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. The estimated growing of utilizing HIT tools will be more than 200 % from 2009 to 2010 ( Dolan, 2010 ) .Professionals of Implementing HIT in Private Healthcare SectorThe usage of computing machines and electronic devices enables doctors and other wellness attention suppliers to administer and entree medical records ( Bihari, 2010 ) . Health Information Technology helps to acquire the higher quality attention and is readily accessible by physicians at any location. As all the information is electronically available, physicians can rapidly entree to patient history any clip. This electronic information eliminate paperwork and the same clip cut down the storage infinite and cut down staff clip to keep medical records. As a consequence it helps wellness attention concerns to cut down costs and clip ( Wangia, 2009 ) . An electronic wellness record provides information about any immunization/vaccination that has been taken in past and any medical trials that have been conducted in past with its trial consequences. Therefore, it is easy for physicians to happen whether the immunization/vaccination or medical trial was already done or non and money salvaging for the patients, as they do n't necessitate to reiterate the immunization/vaccination or medical trial ( Bihari, 2010 ) . The Health Information Technology provides evidence-based reviews to the doctor about any type of radiological trial order to patients, and happening out whether the patient had that earlier or non with its consequences ( CBO, 2008 ) . This finally helps to command the costs. The electronic wellness records of infirmaries, which include the Clinical Decision System ( CDS ) every bit good as the Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) to cut down the cost of prescription drugs. The electronic wellness records allow doctors to look into the list of medicines patient return, list of possible drug allergic reactions ( if any ) and any drug interactions or reaction of medicine. Therefore, physician before ordering any drug or medical specialty can travel through the electronic wellness record of patient to avoid or to minimise the hazard of any drug interactions or reactions ( CBO, 2008 ) . Besides these, the Health Information Technology ( HIT ) with the electronic wellness records allows patients to hold active entree of wellness attention records of medical history and intervention. This besides allows to see the refill a prescription and to reexamine any conducted medical trial consequences. Thus an electronic wellness record allows patients to discourse wellness job with the physician on phone without seeing really ( Bihari, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to 2005 drumhead study of infirmaries, because of wellness information engineering, the nurses have less paperwork and they use the saved clip productiveness work such as assisting patient to acquire appropriate preventative attention, supplying better instruction about their heath, etc ( CBO, 2008 ) . However the electronic wellness records of Health Information Technology are available on a really unafraid web that means it has strong privateness available. This allows a patient to inquire concerns to the physician by electronic mails without any vacillation. The electronic mails are merely accessible by physicians, which reduces the transmittal mistake of accurate information electronically every bit good as cut downing the opportunities of error that may happen while one misread physician ‘s script. The electronic wellness records of Health Information Technology cut down the duplicate hazard of any wellness attention supplier ‘s diagnostic process ( Wangi a, 2009 ) .Improvements in Governmental HIT SectorThe President Clinton and President Bush had besides applied compulsory usage of HIT in 1999, 2003, 2008 and now President Obama made it confirmed that by 2012 each and every medical installation must utilize wellness information engineering into their system. The Congress had declared bundles many times to deep the root of HIT into the system to do it truly effectual in bettering quality attention throughout the state, but merely the half success is achieved. An electronic wellness record is a systematic record of electronic wellness information of a patient and allows an person to hold large scope of informations in comprehensive or drumhead signifier such as medical history, medical conditions, allergic reactions or reactions of any medical specialties, immunization/vaccination taken, medical trial consequences every bit good as charge information. Therefore, late the quality of wellness record in the Veterans Hospital has improved a batch. Millions of pending or inactive documents are now active and are resolved. These were possible merely because of the electronic wellness record of wellness information engineering ( Goldstein, 2009 ) . An employee of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, was working in the charge section and was involved in the offense of stealing of patients ‘ record and earned tonss of money by victimizing the insurance companies or by bear downing patients for the intervention that they ne'er received it. But due to the handiness of electronics records both by patient and the physicians, this type of offense or fraud are now evitable easy and rapidly ( Goldstein, 2009 ) .Cons of Implementing HIT in Private Healthcare SectorEven though the wellness information engineering have rationalized the concern procedure, it has besides decreases occupation, downsizing every bit good as outsourcing of employees, these all leads to unemployment overall. For illustration, due to the wellness information engineering, there is less paper work for office employees which means with lesser figure of people the same sum of work can be done. And people start losing their occupations as there is no exces sively much paper work to make. Besides the quicker, easy and convenient communicating by the wellness information engineering, there are opportunities of interceptions to e-mail hacking. And besides people do non desire that their personal information is going public accessible. For illustration, to salvage their ain clip people send an electronic mail to their physician about their concern inquiry for their wellness and the electronic mail hacker can read their personal information in electronic mail and do it available for general populace. Therefore, sometimes people get more disquieted with electronically available information. However, as per the research survey conducted by Richard Hillestad and associate members at RAND, the Las Vegas Sun reports the execution of an Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) system would take about 15 old ages countrywide and initial puting cost of an Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) system in hospital apparatus is about $ 98 billion and in doctors is about $ 17 billion. This means that the mean annual cost in hospital apparatus is $ 6.5 billion whereas the mean annual cost in doctors ‘ apparatus is $ 1.1 billion ( MediLexicon, 2005 ) . It is in general being said by the industry experts that today ‘s biggest issue of occupation security is due to the cyberspace engineering. In the universe of invariably altering engineering, people have to do their egos cognizant and update about it, otherwise it would be hard to work for them and finally they lose their occupations. For illustration, the aged staff members at physicians ‘ office have to larn this electronic heath record maintaining system or they might lose their occupations because of non able to execute accurately. This besides relates to elder patients, who do non hold any thought about the computing machine systems and can non entree their personal information at a peculiar clip. As technological progresss take topographic point twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, there is besides a menace of cyberspace viruses any minute on computing machine systems. Peoples learnt a lesson in earlier yearss, when Y2K virus infested many computing machine systems, and wipe out all informations from difficult thrust. If this could go on to damage patients ‘ informations in infirmaries, so there is no usage to hold wellness information engineering to continue medical records updated ( Koffey, 1999 ) . Some advocates sustain that put ining Health Information Technology ( HIT ) system in doctor ‘s office or private infirmary apparatus is harder and complex than put ining merely a Health Information Technology ( HIT ) system or package in a computing machine and connecting to the Internet Explorer ( NCPA, 2010 ) . The Health Information Technology ( HIT ) is fundamentally manus held device, intending the electronic wellness record is maintained and updated by worlds into the computing machine. Therefore, there might be possible opportunities of holding an mistake during the information direction. There might be possibility of an mistake during come ining the study or consequence of any medical trial consequence, which at later may do bigger or unsafe jobs. For illustration the medical trial consequence of X individual says the blood sugar degree is 120 and by misidentify the individual who come ining the information in the system typed 210, which means individual X is diagnosed with higher sugar degree and considered as diabetic patient.President Obama ‘s HIT Contribution in Healthcare Reform Plan of 2010The current economical drawback and increased fraud, maltreatment and waste in wellness attention disables consumers from acquiring economical medical benefits and leads to worsen in qua lity of wellness attention ( Hasan, 2010 ) . One of the biggest challenges for United States of America is to finalise scheme and thoughts which help consumers holding medical benefits with quality and economical coverage in private wellness attention sector. The recent scheme of President Obama is to welcome and appreciate any thought which can diminish the wellness attention outgo, bring quality attention, cut down fraud and maltreatment, and gives consumer pick of health care. The Major Constraints The major restraints in President Obama ‘s Health Care Reform Plan are ( Hasan, 2010 ) : Low-cost, Portable, and Quality Health Coverage for All Standardizing and Overhauling the U.S. Health Care System to Lower Costs & A ; Improve Quality Promoting Prevention and Strengthening Public wellness Description & A ; Coverage The President Obama ‘s vision to the health care system is so concrete that non even a individual U.S. citizen suffers from unequal health care. President Obama ‘s estimated cost for health care reform program is about $ 50 to $ 65 billion. The existent measure provides $ 5 million to Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid ( CMS ) in 2010 and $ 10 million every twelvemonth from 2011 to 2019 ( Brewin, 2010 ) . The health care reform program caters investing in HIT aimed at dropping extreme disbursals that occur from decreased medical mistakes and weave off uneffective paper-based charge system. The health care program ‘s chief docket is to give cosmopolitan wellness insurance which will decrease unsalaried health care services ( Hasan, 2010 ) . Benefits to HIT of Private Healthcare Sector The wellness reform measure calls to innovative centre construct up for inveterate sick patients. With the aid of wellness Information Technology, patients ‘ coordination of attention would be managed by a web of suppliers connected to a chronic disease register and tele-home wellness services. For an illustration, about 20 million U.S. citizens suffer from Diabetes, and for them tele-home wellness engineering provides patients to relay blood sugar degrees to their primary attention suppliers through remote glucose metres. The statute law provides $ 5 million every twelvemonth from 2011 to 2015 to develop the autonomy at Home Medical Practice Demonstration Program, which could incorporate homecare visits by doctors, distant patient monitoring and nomadic diagnostic machines. One of the centre parts of the program is that each household will salvage around $ 2,500 every twelvemonth ( Brewin, 2010 ) . Critics The chief critic is sing to make another plan for the citizens under age of 65 or merely like Medicare is itself an expensive thought, which would do cost switching instead than cost decrease. President Obama besides wants to give more power to governmental plans like Medicaid and State Children ‘s Health Insurance Program ( SCHIP ) . Another point of treatment is about doing an investing in HIT and sing HIT is an of import component of cost control scheme of the program. Obama finds the lone manner to decide these issues is important usage of wellness information engineering ( Hasan, 2010 ) .DrumheadThe private wellness attention sector of United States of America is at hazard due to increasing demand, intensifying costs, inconsistent wellness attention services, and inactive coordinated wellness attention systems. The groundss show that wellness information engineering can better the efficiency, cost effectivity, quality, and safety of wellness attention release by doing prop er rules available to doctors throughout the wellness attention web. The wellness information engineering consists of different types of tools such as Electronic Health Records ( HER ) or Electronic Medical Records ( EMR ) , E-prescription, Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) , Clinical Decision Support ( CDS ) which have their ain functions to play consequently to better the wellness attention system in general. Though there are more positive effects of implementing HIT in private wellness attention sector, but some negative effects are besides present to blockade the complete success. Section III: MethodologyData Collection MethodThis research will use primary research methods to back up secondary research database with the aid of on-line databases. The secondary research methods include scholarly diaries, magazines, articles, intelligence paper, and texts will be used to back up the results of primary research database. The major portion of this research will be drawn from appropriate old surveies and well-performed researches that evaluated several facets of implementing wellness information engineering in governmental health care sector and private health care sector. The information aggregation method will be performed to find the possible success of implementing wellness information engineering in private health care sector. The on-line resources and studies conducted by different writers will be considered to measure the usage of wellness information engineering into their system. The demand of technological progresss into the wellness attention system of private patterns will be gathered on a proper manner to happen out the hereafter obstructions. Besides the informations aggregation method will assist to happen the grounds for hold in implementing HIT into their system. This research will besides assist to happen the ways to set e-prescription system effectual to work in private wellness attention sector to diminish hand-written prescription mistakes. The usage of electronic medical records besides can be evaluated easy in private wellness attention sector though research work. Section IV: Analysis OF DATA Evidence suggests the chances for implementing HIT is bit by bit lifting in United States health care system from governmental health care sector to private health care sector. The little private patterns and place health care bureaus have besides started seting more attempt in utilizing HIT tools to better the quality attention countrywide. The research inquiries have given solid foundation to this research undertaking and happening the nutshell was the nucleus intent of this research undertaking. These research inquiries were analyzed below: Table: 3 Does wellness information engineering have capableness to better the quality attention, cut down medical mistakes and wellness attention costs? Writers Statements Agree/Disagree Bihari, 2010. Computers and other electronic devices enable doctors to administer and entree the medical records at any clip. Agree Wangia, 2009 Due to wellness information engineering, doctors can cut down the clip in taking audiences which can salvage the clip and costs. Agree Bright, 2007 The sharing of the electronic wellness record allow patients to have better wellness attention as a ground of now physicians and research workers are available to portion the information and same clip are able to extinguish the medical mistakes. Agree Redhead, 2005 The commission on National Health Information Infrastructure facilitates easy exchange of wellness information amongst wellness attention suppliers. Agree RAND Health, 2005 Even though implementing HIT improves the quality of attention but initial set up is small expensive. Disagree KaiserEDU, 2008 The possible usage of Health Information Technology provides quality betterment, cost decrease and diminish medical mistakes into health care system Agree Moiduddin & A ; Moore, 2008 There are some chances to better quality life for underserved United States citizens through execution of information engineerings Agree This research survey has contained positive and negative effects of implementing Health Information Technology which answers inquiry two. Though private patterns are different from the big governmental health care sectors, but the positive and negative effects will be the same every bit far as they both related to quality attention and health care disbursals. The table 4 suggests analysis study for inquiry 2 of the survey: What are the positive and negative effects of implementing wellness information engineering in private wellness attention sector? Writers Statements Effectss ( Positive/Negative ) Bihari, 2010 Health Information Technology helps to acquire the higher quality attention and is readily accessible by physicians at any location. Positive Wangia, 2009 This electronic information eliminate paperwork and the same clip cut down the storage infinite and cut down staff clip to keep medical records Positive CBO, 2010 With the aid of HIT tools healthcare suppliers can entree any radiological trials any clip which provides evidence-based reviews Positive Dolan, 2010 The estimated growing of utilizing HIT tools will be more than 200 % from 2009 to 2010. Positive Koffey, 1999 Because of threatens from computing machine viruses, there is no usage to hold wellness information engineering to continue medical records updated. Negative MediLexicon, 2005 The execution of the EHR system would take about 15 old ages countrywide and initial puting cost of the EHR system in hospital apparatus is about $ 98 billion and in doctors is about $ 17 billion. Negative NCPA, 2010 Installing Health Information Technology ( HIT ) system in doctor ‘s office or private infirmary apparatus is harder and complex Negative The information analysis tabular array 4 summaries the positive and negative effects of implementing HIT into the private health care sector. The 80 per centum of the resources suggest implementing HIT into the little organisation besides has the positive effects, but 20 per centum of the resources suggest implementing HIT has negative effects in certain affairs. Section V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONSDrumheadThe wellness attention system of United States of America is confronting economic drawback in present clip, and truly needs reform in wellness attention engineering to better quality of attention and decreases cost and medical mistakes. The President Obama ‘s wellness reform measure boosted up the execution of wellness information engineering in both governmental and private wellness attention sector. The current governmental scheme seting more attempt in usage of advanced engineering into health care system to accomplish success by cut downing sky-rocketing wellness attention expenditures. The old bailout bundle counts around $ 19 billion helped a batch in implementing wellness information engineering in governmental entities. The different signifiers of HIT are Electronic Medical Records ( EMR ) , E-prescription, Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) , Clinical Decision Support ( CDS ) , etc. are really utile tools and are really easy available to put up into the system these yearss. The initial set up is small expensive, but President Obama ‘s bundle offers fiscal aid for utilizing wellness information sciences. For an illustration, if any private physicians ‘ office wants to utilize EMR or E-prescription package, the package company will be paying to the company excess money at certain continuance on annual footing. Despite of first-class benefits such as capablenesss to cut down medical mistakes, utmost cost benefits, reduces paper-based system and thinks environmentally green, better quality of wellness attention services ; though execution of HIT has some negative effects and more researches are traveling on to diminish the cost for initial set up and do safer transit of computerized medical informations. With the aid of telephonic interviews and secondary resources, the research can do solid decision on possible benefits of implementing HIT in private wellness attention sector.DecisionIn decision, the execution of wellness information engineering has been turning from governmental wellness attention sector to private wellness attention sector. The potency of HIT has been achieved by implementing it into the wellness attention system with proper planning and proper vision. In governmental wellness attention sector, execution of HIT has reached to the success by diminishing medical mistakes, c ut downing costs, and bettering quality of attention. The execution of HIT in private wellness attention sector besides has the same capablenesss to accomplish the success in affair of quality services and diminishing medical frauds. However, there is no cogent evidence that all private patterns and place attention bureaus can take active portion in implementing wellness information engineering.RecommendationsBased on the findings of this research survey, there are some recommendations which should be implemented in private wellness attention sector for better result. In information analysis, most private patterns and place wellness attention bureaus agreed to utilize HIT tools to diminish the medical mistakes and better quality intervention. The President Obama ‘s program besides has possible to set adequate attempt, but there is no surety in following regulations and ordinances by private wellness organisations. The major recommendation is to set compulsory statute law for implementing wellness information engineering into their system to acquire choice consequences. There must be formation of a jurisprudence or the authorities has to go through a sentence for conformity to utilize HIT tools, and breaching of an Act cause important mulct or penalty. This will take definite consequences in bettering quality of attention by utilizing wellness engineering in proper manner. Other recommendations include mandatory application of wellness information engineering package for e-prescription. At least an applicable tool for e-prescription saves possible hand-written prescription mistakes and deceases occurred from these types of mistakes can be lower down finally. The same manner, EMR besides can be implemented for safety transportation and to keep the confidentiality of patients ‘ medical records. The authorities will besides do a database which can salvage all medical records of the patients countrywide. So, that manner if something happen to any private wellness organisation so at least authorities has entree to all informations and safety sedimentation of medical records can be achieved easy. The authorities besides has to do a HIT tool for electronic charge for private patterns, so they can diminish paper-based procedures and think green environmentally. This will besides take to diminish deceitful activities by the wellness attention suppliers at private patterns and place wellness bureaus.

102 Research and The Conversation Professor Ramos Blog

102 Research and The Conversation Quick Write Quick Write What do you think is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? The Conversation We have already learned several important concepts. The next concept is the metaphor of The Unending Conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. How does this relate to writing? Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Why does this matter? Burke’s â€Å"Unending Conversation† Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally’s assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Weekly Journals week 2 Intro to Research Scholarly research is research that is published by people with specialized knowledge on what they are researching. It is peer reviewed, reviewed by other researchers and specialist in the field, and is generally trustworthy. Blogs, Newspapers, Magazines are not Scholarly but are popular sources. ProCon.org  No subscription needed. Good place to look at the main issues around a topic. Occupational Outlook Handbook  The OOH can help you find career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook for hundreds of occupations. Google Scholar  Google academic database search. Great place to start. Crafton Hills Library Databases  Ã‚  You have to sign in to access the library databases off campus. Annotated Bibliography The annotated bibliography is intended to help you with your research project. An annotated bib is a works cited or references page with additional information added to each citation. You begin with the correct reference citation for your sources. For this assignment we will have three to five sources. Here is a good explanation of  citations in MLA. Explanation and example of an  Annotated Bibliography  from Cornell Example 2  Annotated Bibliography  from Purdue OWL Here is the format: Author(s). â€Å"Article Title.†Ã‚  Source, vol. #, no. #, season year, pp. xx-xx.  Database,  URL. Example: Kong, Les. â€Å"Business Sources for Education Majors.†Ã‚  Education Graduate Students Journal, vol. 75, no. 4, 2014, pp. 12-19.  JSTOR,  jstor.org/stable/52506788. To each entry you will add the annotation, the paragraph or two that explains the source, why you are using it, and its reliability. Each professor you will have in the future may have specific guidelines for what to include in an annotated bibliographic entry. Always follow their instructions. For this assignment, you should include: Summary of Source, 2-4 sentences How you are using it in your report, 1-3 sentences Reliability of source, 1-3 sentences Krikorian, Mark. â€Å"Two Immigration Priorities.†Ã‚  National Review, Dec, 2016, pp. 18-20, SIRS Issues Researcher,  www.sks.sirs.com. This article goes into detail on some of the other less talked about factors of the changes in how we deal with illegal immigrants under our new president and his policies. The author is the director of the Center for Immigration Studies so I assume he is a credible expert in immigration. I will use this source to get more specific in my critique of the border wall proposal. Krikorian, Mark. â€Å"Two Immigration Priorities.†Ã‚  National Review, Dec, 2016, pp. 18-20, SIRS Issues Researcher,  www.sks.sirs.com. This article goes into detail on some of the other less talked about factors of the changes in how we deal with illegal immigrants under our new president and his policies. The author is the director of the Center for Immigration Studies so I assume he is a credible expert in immigration. I will use this source to get more specific in my critique of the border wall proposal. In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above. Homework Write the Annotated Bib 5 Sources Tuesday Rough Draft of Proposal Essay

Economic Reform in Poland and the Czech Republic essays

Economic Reform in Poland and the Czech Republic essays Economic Reform in Poland and the Czech Republic After the fall of communism, several different countries decided that it was time to reform both current economic and political policies. Two countries that have had major economic reforms are Poland and the Czech Republic. However, the process of that change is different, each country had a different idea of how to become a new economic power in the 1990s. In December 1989, the new government, led by members of the labor union Solidarity, launched a reform program designed to transform Poland's economy into a free-market system. Price controls were lifted, while wage controls were imposed. State enterprises were transformed into joint-stock companies, and many were scheduled for eventual privatization or purchase by foreign investors. The restructuring of the Polish economy resulted in a massive layoff of workers and a rapid rise in unemployment. Poland's GDP declined sharply in 1990 and 1991. Poland had relied heavily on agriculture and would have been easier to reform if its exhausted industrial regions could have been abandoned. Poland may have been the first to try a rapid, sweeping conversion, deemed by the press as shock therapy. This conversion was to a capitalism and free market. It was also the first to overcome the resultant drop in economic output. Economic growth returned as early as the first half of 1992, and voters should have begun to notice the benefits by September 1993. However, rather than reformers gaining approval, the renamed communist party captured the largest number of seats in the Polish parliament in the elections that month. This was yet another step back for the reforming process. After its initial decline, Poland's economy began to improve. Annual GDP increased between 1992 and 1997, when it reached $135.7 billion. Industrial production increased by about 12 percent in 1994, which, accompanied by a 2 percent drop in unemp...

Famous Quotations About Education

Famous Quotations About Education What is the role and importance of education? The word education comes from the Latin verb  educatus  Ã‚  meaning bring up (children), to train, or bring up, rear, educate. Throughout history, the purpose of education has been to pass to younger members of a society the values and accumulated knowledge of a society and to prepare these younger members for their roles as adults. As societies became more complex, the transmission of values and knowledge were delivered by an expert or teacher. In both the Ancient and Modern World, the ability of a society to deliver education became a measure of success. Great thinkers have reflected on and recorded their opinions about education and its value to the individual and society. The following selected quotes are from individuals past and present, representing their thoughts on the importance of education: Plato: The purpose of education is to give to the body and to the soul all the beauty and all the perfection of which they are capable. Herbert Spencer: Education is preparation to live completely.John Milton: A complete and generous education fits a man to perform justly, skillfully, and magnanimously all the offices, both public and private, of peace and war.Sully: Education seeks, by social stimulus, guidance, and control, to develop the natural powers of the child, so as to render him able and disposed to lead a healthy, happy, and morally worthy life.W. T. Harris: Education is the preparation of the individual for reciprocal union with society; the preparation of the individual so that he can help his fellow-men and in return receive and appreciate their help.Malcolm Forbes: Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. T. S. Eliot: It is, in fact, a part of the function of education to help us escape, not from our own time - for we are bound by that - but f rom the intellectual and emotional limitations of our time. G. K. Chesterton: Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.George Washington Carver: Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.Jules Simon: Education is the process by which one mind forms another mind, and one heart, another heart.Thomas Hill: A complete education ought to preserve the pupils bodily health and strength, and give him command over his mental and muscular powers, increase his quickness and sharpness of perception, form in him the habit of prompt and accurate judgment, lead to delicacy and depth in every right feeling, and make him inflexible in his conscientious and steadfast devotion to all his duties.Robert Frost: Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. Robert M. Hutchins: The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.Robert M. Hutchins: Education is not to reform students or amuse them or to mak e them expert technicians. It is to unsettle their minds, widen their horizons, inflame their intellects, teach them to think straight, if possible. Martin Luther King, Jr.: Education must enable one to sift and weigh evidence, to discern the true from the false, the real from the unreal, and the facts from the fiction.Martin Luther King, Jr.: We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character- that is the goal of true education. The complete education gives one not only power of concentration, but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate.Horace Mann: Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel of the social machinery.Anatole France: An education isnt how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. Its being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you dont.Victor Hugo: He who opens a school door closes a prison.Alvin Toffler: The illiterate of the future will not be the person who cannot read. It will be the person who does not know how to learn.Aristotle: Education is an ornament in pro sperity and a refuge in adversity.

Affects of the Cold War on the Middle East Essay - 1

Affects of the Cold War on the Middle East - Essay Example The effects of the Cold War on the socio-political affairs in the Middle East were very diverse and discursive in nature due to a number of economic, historical, political and religious causes such the Arab-Israel antagonism, the overt anti-religious nature of Communism, the vast reserve of furnace oil in the Middle Eastern countries, the non-democratic and most likely monarchic political systems in those countries during the Cold War and Islam as the religion of the majority of the people in the Middle East. Since most of the political governments of the Middle East were non-democratic and, to a great extent, monarchic after the Second World War up to 2000, the then rulers were forced to take shelter either in the US block or the Soviet in order to survive in the countries’ power with the support of any of the two superpowers. Also due to the vast reserve of oil, the Middle Eastern countries were strategically important for both of the superpowers. Therefore, the rulers of th ese countries needed backings of any of these two superpowers against the expansionist invasions of the others. Before the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, the Arab countries were more or less neutral, though because of being geographically close to the Soviet Union and the overt US support for Israel in this region, the countries were more influenced by the Soviet Leaders. Because of the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, the countries were alarmed; they began to feel the threat from the Soviet Union’s aggressive nature.

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Diversity Issue in the Crash - Movie Review Example Perhaps, the man had learned from his culture that he had to defend himself against others, especially now that he was feeling oppressed and perceiving everyone as a â€Å"cheat†. Aggression is a vice that can rip the society apart. Aggression and violence have profound impacts on the society. A society that is characterized by high level of violence and aggression cannot enjoy peace and harmony. As such, individuals will always be up against one another because of the inherent feeling of hurting each other. There is likely to be no tolerance between different races and even between people of the same race. As it goes, violence begets violence. Children are most likely to grow up knowing that violence is the order of the day. Consequently, they will grow up with unruly behaviors having been brought up in a culture of aggression and violence. This negatively affects the development of the society and water down societal core values like love and affection for each other. Aggression destroys the unity of the society.

Issues in human resource management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in human resource management - Assignment Example The industry faced major difficulties in generating revenue from the organisation. Reduced tourists and increased costs have affected the revenue growth for the industry. This situation was experienced by Hilton Worldwide, one of the biggest hotel chains based in the United States (Scribd Inc., 2012). Hilton Worldwide employs more than 100,000 team members in 665 properties across different nations (Hilton Worldwide, 2012). Thus, the costs incurred in managing human capital is huge and has become a concerning factor for the hotel chain. Three key issues that have been identified, do not imply only for the Hilton Worldwide, but is applicable throughout the industry. The issues that have emerged due to the recent recession include the transition and resistance of the employees, training and development costs, and engagement and commitment towards an organisation. Recession has discouraged companies to spend unnecessary costs for the top level managers, such as, official tours, business trips and corporate meetings that have indirectly affected the hospitality and tourism industry worldwide. The study surveys these issues through theoretical studies and practical implementations and finds different ways to tackle them. Furthermore, managing and retaining human capital cost effectively in the recession affected period will be discussed. HR Issue 1: Transition and Resistance Change is a common aspect for all organisations irrespective of countries of operation. The change can be in the processes, style of operating and implementing modern techniques among others that the leaders feel is essential for an organisation. As identified by Helps (2001), being in transition is often uncomfortable, uncertain and inconsistent. She further states that organisations face obstructions at different points or remain stagnant for considerable periods at a stage. Moreover, she stated that psychological factors do emerge in the minds of the employees while undergoing personal change for the organisation. Thus, it can be proposed that leaders should keep the psychological factors, such as depression, anger, disbelief and few more barriers that concern the employees going through the transitional phase. According to Elrod & Tippett (2002), change is constant that arises due to the variety in life and business events. They discuss the relationship between change and development models and recognise the link between leader and organisational development. Furthermore, they use Lewin’s model of change, unfreezing-moving-refreezing the three stages of change process. Lewin in his theory stated that in the unfreezing stage the organisations need to create an appropriate condition for the change to occur. At this stage, the resistance to change may be identical and initially can cause discomfort to even the beneficial employees. The objective of this stage is to make employees move from the ‘frozen’ state to ‘change ready’ or unfrozen s tate. The second stage i.e. moving or transition stage is described as the journey of the transitional process that involves psychological barriers and confusions. Employees are concerned as the old processes are being replaced and simultaneously curious for knowing the new process. Good leadership and psychological support is essential in this stage. The third stage is referred to refreezing stage where the goal is to reinstate a new place of constancy and ensure that

Investments in Education May Be Misdirected Article

Investments in Education May Be Misdirected - Article Example Consequently, the impact of poverty on intelligence is also addressed in the article using experiments conducted to link poverty with cognitive development (Porter). The findings indicate that poverty plays an integral role in shaping the cognitive development of the children. In summary, the article addresses the impact of family environment on cognitive development of children with the focus being on poverty and education of the mother. In spite of the ideas state, the title of the article is misleading because it does not link the government funding and failure in the education system. Surprisingly, the problem of the parents level of education is not directly linked with the government investment in the education sector. Therefore, improving the education of the parents cannot be linked directly with government funding. However, the impact of financial and educational gap between parents and its impact on child development can be solved by supporting children from poor families. Therefore, the article does not link the issues perfectly leading to bias in reasoning. The environmental challenges should be addressed by different government department in order to improve education. The head-start given to children from educated and wealthy parents can be countered by supporting children from the poor families, which will reduce the gap and increase student performance. Porter, Eduardo. "The New York Times." 2 April 2013. Investments in Education May Be Misdirected. Online. 27 October 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/03/business/studies-highlight-benefits-of-early-education.html?_r=0

Roper v. Simmons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roper v. Simmons - Essay Example Virginia, 536 U.S. 302 (2002)). When Simmons became aware of this ruling, he submitted a petition for a writ of habeas corpus and requested post-conviction relief based on the assertion that the reasoning of Atkins established a Constitutional protection against the death penalty for a convicted individual who was a minor when the crime was committed. The Supreme Court of Missouri agreed with Simmons’ and Roper (on behalf of the State of Missouri) appealed to the United States Supreme Court. At 17 years of age, Christopher Simmons discussed the ideal of murdering someone as a â€Å"prank† with some friends. His reasoning was that they would not get caught and if they were, they were juveniles and there would be little consequence. At 2:00AM on the morning of the murder, he and his accomplice broke into the house of Shirley Crook. They used duct tape to cover her eyes, mouth, and hands and put her in her own minivan. They then drove to a state park, covered her head with a towel, and walked her to a railroad trestle spanning the Meramec River. At that point they, they tied her hands and feet with electrical wire, covered her entire face in duct tape, and threw her into the water. Approximately nine months later, at the age of 18, Simmons was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. His case was taken by the Supreme Court on the question of the constitutionality of applying the death penalty to criminals who were juveniles when their crime was committed. Yes. Executing convicted felons whose crimes were committed prior to their turning 18 years old is a violation of the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment as well as the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court recognizes the Eighth Amendment’s preclusion of cruel and unusual punishment, and has established the propriety of

Faculty role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Faculty role - Essay Example Accreditation has the role of validating that a program or an institution meets minimum standards; nonetheless, it does not offer an indication of the degree of program quality in relation to other programs. Program review is done internally at a time interval of every 5-10 years, and considering a broad range of quantitative and qualitative indicators, designed to offer feedback for program improvement. Finally, program assessment is done by public agencies and organizations, where each might require reporting against a particular set of indicators (Shpritz & O'Mara, 2006). Assessment generally focuses on results, entails a narrower set of measures and is always continuous rather than periodic. In this paper out of the many accrediting organizations, we explore Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and out of the two recognition bodies: US Department of Education-government regulation and council of Higher-Education Accreditation (CHEA)-self-regulation we explore the lat ter. Council of Higher-Education Accreditation (CHEA) In a nutshell, this organization is responsible of accrediting the accreditors of higher education in the US. The national organization was established to take this responsibility after the academy performed it own review of augmenting numbers of accreditors. This is generally referred to as self-regulation, as the academy is regulation itself (Myrick & Yonge, 2007). Nonetheless, accreditation of other accrediting bodies ends reality of the academy regulation, which comprises of the federal government accreditation of accrediting bodies via the department of Education. In doing so, accountability is sought via reliance upon accreditation to perform the evaluation of individual programs and institutions in an almost boundless sea of â€Å"mission†. This accountability is largely sought via evaluation of literally various transactions (assessment of learning, costs, and jobs for graduates, graduation rates) which legislation as well as regulations requires for qualification as an accrediting body commendable of opening gates to benefit from government funding. There are about 20 accrediting bodies responsible for the accreditation of institutions as well as 62 bodies responsible for the accreditation programs (such as in medicine, health professions, and law). The accrediting bodies are independent, non-governmental, as well as non-profit making organization being funded by mainly through annual subscriptions from programs and institutions. The accrediting organizations design minimum requirements, which should be satisfied in order to receive accreditation. Programs and institutions carry out self-studies basing on the standards. They are then reviewed by peers within the profession and via visiting sites and team reports. The accrediting bodies make judgments that are standard referenced via their decision-making commissions leading to awarding or denying accreditation status. Programs and institutio ns undergo periodic review for maintaining accredited status that is needed for accessing the federal and state funds. However, it should be noted that not all organizations are regulated by CHEA. Higher education and accreditation initiate, and drives change in regulation equation by discovering ways to meet the demands of accountability whereas maintaining, to the greatest level possible, the ingredients it deems vital, namely, self-regulation, institutional autonomy and academic freedom (Myrick &

Roper v. Simmons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roper v. Simmons - Essay Example Virginia, 536 U.S. 302 (2002)). When Simmons became aware of this ruling, he submitted a petition for a writ of habeas corpus and requested post-conviction relief based on the assertion that the reasoning of Atkins established a Constitutional protection against the death penalty for a convicted individual who was a minor when the crime was committed. The Supreme Court of Missouri agreed with Simmons’ and Roper (on behalf of the State of Missouri) appealed to the United States Supreme Court. At 17 years of age, Christopher Simmons discussed the ideal of murdering someone as a â€Å"prank† with some friends. His reasoning was that they would not get caught and if they were, they were juveniles and there would be little consequence. At 2:00AM on the morning of the murder, he and his accomplice broke into the house of Shirley Crook. They used duct tape to cover her eyes, mouth, and hands and put her in her own minivan. They then drove to a state park, covered her head with a towel, and walked her to a railroad trestle spanning the Meramec River. At that point they, they tied her hands and feet with electrical wire, covered her entire face in duct tape, and threw her into the water. Approximately nine months later, at the age of 18, Simmons was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. His case was taken by the Supreme Court on the question of the constitutionality of applying the death penalty to criminals who were juveniles when their crime was committed. Yes. Executing convicted felons whose crimes were committed prior to their turning 18 years old is a violation of the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment as well as the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court recognizes the Eighth Amendment’s preclusion of cruel and unusual punishment, and has established the propriety of

Banking institutions in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Banking institutions in the U.S - Essay Example Banking institutions in the U.S need to hold the reserves that are the same as a portion of a number of the liabilities of banks that is owed to clients, this is popularly referred to as fractional reserve. This enables the banks to invest heavily from these funds collected from the depositors. This would reduce arising problems such as a bank run where several bank clients withdraw their savings and forcing the banks to go an extra mile of seeking an extra aid from outside. Banks must keep their Federal Reserve accounts to be in a position of lending their funds to another bank in case the need arises. The monetary policy needs to put all the measures in place to ensure that the lending banks do not overcharge each other when lending these funds. Also, the federal reserve banks should it keep itself updated with the general character as well as the extent of loans and investments of the member banks with the aim of determining whether a utilization is made of bank credit for the trading of securities, commodities or real estate. The Federal Reserve should improve its role in the nation’s retail including wholesale systems of payments, provision of diverse financial services among the various depository institutions. Retail payments mostly involve few dollar amounts reserved for individuals and the small enterprises while wholesale payments involve huge dollar amounts that involve big corporate clients and financial institutions.

Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Essay Since the Mesopotamian era of 3000 B. C. numbers have been an essential part of life and are easily found throughout society, imbedded in religion, intertwined in mythology and commonly related with superstitions. Even in the twenty-first century people still believe in ancient numerical superstitions, such as the lucky number seven, or the unlucky number thirteen. During the seventeenth century William Shakespeare uses societal superstitions in his famous tragedy, â€Å"Macbeth†, by writing in a threefold literary pattern. Shakespeare reinvents the number three by relating in to evil and darkness throughout the play, providing it with a new superstitious meaning. â€Å"Macbeth† follows the transformation of the title character from thane to king, sane to evil. After putting down two rebellions against the King of Scotland, Macbeth is awarded title and favor with the gracious King Duncan. When greeted by three mysterious witches, they prophesy that Macbeth will be made Thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. They also prophesize that Banquo will beget a long line of Scottish kings but will never be king himself. Macbeth and Banquo treat their prophecies sceptically until some of King Duncan’s men come to thank the two generals for their victories in battle and to tell Macbeth that he has indeed been named thane of Cawdor. In attempt to aid the prophecy, Macbeth murders the good Duncan and is crowned King of Scotland, but once his great goal to be king is achieved he begins to fear the prophecy brought forth to Banquo. In fear of being overthrown from the throne Macbeth goes on a psychotic rampage attempting to protect his future while ruining his sanity and brings upon himself his own demise. While entangling the threefold literary pattern into a tragic plot, William Shakespeare presents the appearance of three apparitions, the three murders, and the character choice of three witches to precipitate evil at the presence of the number three. Shakespeare turns the conventional and traditional meaning of three’s upside down in act one, scene one when he begins to relate the number to evil. Threes are commonly related to stability and completeness; in religion there is God omniscient, omnipresent and omnipotent, in time there are three divisions, past, present and future, and three grammatical persons- me, myself and I. In a dark and ominous meeting, Shakespeare introduces his audience to three women who will continue to haunt Macbeth throughout the play: the three weird sisters. As the first characters the audience has the pleasure of meeting, the witches set the mood for the entire play with a sense supernatural as â€Å"instruments of darkness† (I. iii. 136). In the opening scene of the play each witch speaks three times within the first eleven lines, the first two being â€Å"When shall we three meet again / In thunder, lightning, or in rain? coupling three undesirable and threatening circumstances, suggesting constrictions and limitations as these three things generally happen at the same time. The triplet pattern begins with this, giving a false sense of stability until to the audience until the witches state that what is â€Å"fair is foul, and foul is fair† (I. i. 12). This suggests that the stability of threes is actually a farce and will bring instability and chaos. Before t heir meeting with Macbeth, the fist witch informs her sisters that she has planned revenge against a sailor whose wife refused to share her chestnuts. Through her description of her plan, Shakespeare reveals to his audience that they posses great power but with limits unlike an instrument of fate would have. She plans to transport through a â€Å"sieve† (I. iii. 9) to curse him but she is not powerful enough to have him shipwrecked, only to have his ship â€Å"tempest-tossed† (I. iii. 26), showing their limits. As the first witch explains her plan she speaks in triplets, â€Å"I’ll do, I’ll do, and I’ll do† (I. iii. 11), to emphasize her evil intentions. When Macbeth and Banquo present themselves to the witches just moments later, they greet Macbeth â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! † (I. iii. 51-53). Three greetings that seem so fair â€Å"of noble having and of royal hope† (I. iii. 59) are sure to turn foul. The greetings mimic the common greeting of the New Testament, â€Å"All Hail† (Matthew 28. 9). In Matthew 26. 49, Judas prepares to betray Jesus to the Sanhedrin and Roman soldiers. His plan is to identify Jesus by greeting him with a kiss so that the soldiers will know which man to arrest. Judas approaches Jesus, saying, Hail Master. The witches greet Macbeth in a similar fashion, and, as Judas betrayed Jesus, so do the witches betray Macbeth. This mirroring comparison shows Shakespeare cutting all biblical and holy beliefs in the number three, using religious evidence to eliminate the idea that three is a number of stability. Shakespeare even has his three witches speak in contradictions to create moral confusion and increase the presence of evil, such as when the witches characterize Banquo as â€Å"lesser than Macbeth, and greater† (I. iii. 68). After stirring up quite a bit of trouble, the witches vanquish, not to be seen again until the first scene of the fourth act. The signal to begin their evil incantations is brought to the witches by three meows of a â€Å"brinded cat† (IV. i. 1). Again, the witches take turns, speaking in a threefold pattern, taking their turns and presenting a rhyming, triple statement to open the act; â€Å"Thrice the brinded cat hath mewd. / Thrice, and once the hedge-pig whined. / Harpier cries â€Å"‘Tis time, ‘tis time† (IV. i. 1-3). While working on concocting brew the witches chant around a cauldron, throwing in various items, taking turns to add their contributions, dividing the ingredients into three separate groups. When Macbeth arrives to the cavern he greets the witches as â€Å"secret, black, and midnight hags† (IV. i. 48), three negative descriptions dripping with evil connotations. The â€Å"weird sisters† (III. iv. 165) conclude the evil presence within triplet patterns by presenting three mysterious visions or apparitions to Macbeth, in order to provide him with the same sense of false security that the audience had felt initially. With thunder roaring in the background, Shakespeare thrusts his main character into various situations that would terrify any person â€Å"milk of human kindness† (I. v. 7). When Macbeth is faced with the three apparitions they bring him fair sounding news that is doomed to be destructive and â€Å"foul† (IV. iii. 28) because of the threefold predictable pattern. When the first of the three mystical spirits appears to Macbeth in the form of a floating warhead, warning him to â€Å"beware Macduff† (IV. i. 81), Macbeth shrugs it off, already knowing this. When the second apparition appears as a bloody child, it tells Macbeth that no man born of a woman can do him harm. This gives Macbeth great confidence: Then live Macduff: what need I fear of thee (IV. . 93). Finally, the third ghost appears as a child wearing a crown with holding a tree in hand. This phantom is the one to stir Macbeth’s blood and spook him and has him demanding to know the meaning of the final vision. The child tells Macbeth that he â€Å"shall never be vanquished [†¦] until/ Great Birnam Wood [comes] to high Dunsinane Hill† (IV. i. 105-106), a seemingly impossible task, but in the Shakespearean world of three’s, things are not as they seem. This, giving Macbeth false security, is followed by a procession of eight crowned kings all similar to the one before. The final king carries a mirror, showing a seemingly endless lineage of kings, frightening Macbeth into overbold, unthinking irrationality, contrary to his previous semi-thoughtful behaviour. The three apparitions all in still a false sense of self-assurance in Macbeth but after Shakespeare’s triplet patterns have caused nothing but grief during the play, the audience is able to see through the prophetic ghouls that act as symbols, foreshadowing the way the prophecies will be fulfilled. The warhead suggests a third rebellion, the first two put down by Macbeth while the third is caused by his treacherous ways in a turn of events that can only suggest that if Macbeth hasn’t died the first two times, then the third time’s the charm. The bloody child of the second vision is the image of Macduff as a babe â€Å"from his mother’s womb / untimely rippd† (V. viii. 19-20), delivered through caesarean section. This minor technicality that evades Macbeth is the key to his downfall, and thanks to his ignorance he believes he is invincible. The line of kings, thrust in Macbeth’s face is his last hope, the finishing blow. With the knowledge that there will be men who â€Å"are too like the spirit of Banquo† (IV. i. 127) Macbeth subconsciously knows that all hope is lost to him, but he clings to the second apparitions speech, claiming that he cannot be harmed by any person born of a woman. The terrible three’s that Shakespeare entangles into the apparition’s doom-filled messages not only anticipate the death of Macbeth, but also lead him to it. It is by his self-assurance, pride and ambition that Macbeth believes he will survive, hearing only what he wishes from the prophecies. Since the prophecies suggest he will be fine, Macbeth takes it to heart and believes so without watching out for himself; he does not attempt to prevent the rebellion, nor does he stay in the castle when he knows he is a target because â€Å"none of woman born [can] harm Macbeth† (IV. i. 91-92). By presenting these ghoulish visions, the witches lead Macbeth to his death by power of suggestion and lack of a complete digestion of the situation on the title characters part. The witches’ prophetic ways also lead Macbeth to far worse things than pride. Macbeth is urged by the third prophecy of being king to kill Duncan, King of Scotland. Although his wife is the â€Å"spur† (I. vi. 25) who pricks the horse of intent, the intent is spawn from the prospect of his hopes coming true. The third prophecy leads him to murder, using trickery to make the fair prospect of being King derive from such a foul act as unjust murder against the â€Å"gracious Duncan† (III. vi. 3-4). If Macbeth had stayed content with the first murder he could have lived a happier life, but troubled by the prophecy presented to Banquo, Macbeth fears for his throne and sets out to murder his best friend in a foolish attempt to disprove the prophecy. Macbeth performs his second murder. While this time, instead of doing it himself, Macbeth hires two murders, but as the fates have it a third joins the informal party. With the third murderer present, a seemingly easy kill has become a challenge and struggle because three is a crowd. If the third murderer was Macbeth, unable to stay away from the murder of his self-sworn enemy, it is no doubt that he tagged along to fulfill the destruction of a prophecy, only intensifying its after effects. Macbeth becomes miserable and his mind is unclear; the second murder had haunted him and caused him great fear. If not for the prophecies and initial trickery, Macbeth would have not stopped to rage against a friend that had been so dear to him and would have not killed Banquo in an attempt to save his own life, that was previously not in danger. The first two murders written by Shakespeare mainly show cause, but the third and final brings a big effect. With Macbeth murdering the innocent wife and children of Macduff, just because he fears Macduff knows the truth about Duncan’s murderer, the intent of murder changes. The first two were intended to attain and keep a powerful position, but when his pride and fear get the better of him, Macbeth hires men to commit the third murder with no sense of regret, as he had after murdering Duncan (â€Å"I am afraid to think what I have done† (II. ii. 66)). Nor is Macbeth mentally disturbed, as he had been after murdering Banquo, seeing ghosts. After the third murder, Macbeth is a well-seasoned professional and becomes emotionally detached from his victims as they become but another dead. The third murder backfires and works against Macbeth, only spurring the intent of Macduff to slaughter him more savagely than before. Shakespeare pushes the idea that there needs to be a third murder in order for symmetry and regulation, but by adding in a third murder, Shakespeare is able to, again, shatter all former pretences about the stability of the number three, changing its relationship to represent evil. While using triplet speaking patterns, triplet events and groups of three people, Shakespeare uses three savage murders, three frightening apparitions and three ugly, diabolical and manipulative witches to present the number three as a superstition, dragging along evil wherever it goes. While Shakespeare uses the number three to predict and present evil throughout the tragedy â€Å"Macbeth†, he strives toward changing societal views of the number. With a simple beheading, Macbeth’s tragic downfall is complete and caused entirely by the three prophecies foretold by the three witches who showed Macbeth the three apparitions and encouraged him to commit three murders. By introducing the three witches first, Shakespeare relates the number three to the hags immediately and through their chaotic destruction of people’s lives by influencing their sins, the witches represent all the evil of the prophecy.