Friday, December 27, 2019

The Christian Views On Happiness - 2532 Words

India Perdue Writing 5 Deanne Harper 15 March 2016 The Christian Approach to Happiness How should we live in order to be happy? Western society, even academia, are thoroughly obsessed with this question. We observe happiness in unexpected ways and places, and see great damage done in its absence. We experience happiness as powerful and intoxicating. We assert confidently that it is good. We yearn to understand it, define it, and capture it. Happiness is the great enigma that even young children seem to feel, but even great scientists cannot fully explain. In every discipline happiness meets new definitions and explanations. Every discipline arrives at nuanced conclusions about the source of happiness and the most productive means of pursuit. Christian doctrine is no exception, both the Christian bible authors and the Christian writers that came after them grapple with ideas about the essence of happiness and how to approach it. While the world perceives ultimate freedom and autonomy as crucial in their pursuit of happiness, Christians assert that happiness is a product of committing to the things that you love and that bring you fulfillment. The Christian approach to happiness is embedded within a holistic framework to find fulfilment and meaning in life through worshipping God. In order to address the Christian approach to happiness, we must first establish what happiness is. Happiness as defined by the Merriam Webster dictionary is a state of well-being, contentment, orShow MoreRelatedThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1629 Words   |  7 Pagespeople to happiness? If there is a map, every human being can attain happiness easily. Is there any map for seeking happiness? How can people get hold of the ‘map’ to happiness? In order to attain happiness, there are different kinds of religions and philosophies that provide directions. There are many religions around the world that give people positive support for general and mental health and helping people to be happier in life. Also, many philosophers deal with the nature of happiness and theRead MoreBroadcasting Corporation s Decision On Broadcast Jerry Springer1685 Words   |  7 Pagesmade the decision to air it in 2005. I will be comparing the number of people who complained to the BBC to the total amount of people who watched the broadcast using viewing figures and charts. In addition, I will also look at the viewpoints of the Christian Voice Campaign who argued against the opera. Finally, I will also be using my knowledge of Utilitarianism and Kantianism while referencing the viewing figures and the BBC s general duty to the public to establish my thoughts on the BBC broadcastingRead MoreMoral Virtues Between Aristotle And St. Thomas Aquinas1147 Words   |  5 PagesDominican priest, brought up the element of moral virtues as well. This essay will establish that Aristotle’s belief of moral virtues seems to have impacted that of Aquinas’ and that he appeared to have furthered those ideas to apply to his own Christian values. It will be presented that the two philosophers were life affirming, but that when Aristotle focused on the way to moral virtues intrinsically, Aquinas’ focus was on the progress to morality for God. The second book of Nic omachean EthicsRead MoreNichomachean Ethics And Thomas Aquinas986 Words   |  4 Pagesgood, and happiness, specifically in Aristotle’s â€Å"Nichomachean Ethics† and Thomas Aquinas’ â€Å"On the Nature of Law.† And by examining these texts I wish to argue that even though they lived nearly 1000 years apart, Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas share the same overall view of justice, but they each follow different paths to reach that justice. Both Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas believe in the pursuit of happiness as a measure of justice and a desirable chief end of life. So in this view, all lawsRead MoreThe Philosophies Of Christianity And Buddhism Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as the author’s personal views and new perspectives, will also be discussed. Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity America is known as a melting pot of cultures, and because of this, health care providers encounter patients and families from a multitude of different backgrounds and religions. Every religion comes with its own set of beliefs, rituals, and worldview. What each culture or religion believes as truth can effect their view of health and wellness. Health careRead MoreThe Effect Of Western Morality And Its Strict Rules1205 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom eating any foods that is unsafe. Christian and Moral rules are not supposed to be taken as perfect facts instead Christians read them and leave them to be interpreted by the reader. Nietzsche contradicts himself when he says â€Å"Fortunately, no Christian acts in accordance with this precept† (347). Though I concede he is saying this statement in a snarky manner I maintain that it is still a valid argument. Nietzsche is saying that it is good that Christians don’t follow the ridiculous rules suchRead MoreBuddhism from a Christian View920 Words   |  4 PagesBuddhism from a Christian View When the word Buddha is spoken the thoughts of Zen, peace and tranquility may come to mind. To the over 300 million Buddhist’s throughout the world Buddhism is much more than a religion, it is a way of life. The path of a Buddhist can be summed up in three simple sentences. The first, lead a moral life. The second, be mindful of your thoughts and actions and lastly, develop wisdom and understanding. Buddhism is said to explain injustice within the world and at theRead MoreSimilarity Between Religion And Utilitarianism813 Words   |  4 Pagesare judged according to their consequences and the relevant consequence of every action is happiness. There is a similarity between religion and utilitarianism. For example, love includes wanting happiness and religious principles such as loving others the way you love yourself and doing to others what you expect them to you are founded on utilitarian principles. The ultimate goal for a utilitarian is happiness, which is also the main ob jective of religion. Utilitarian ethics replicates the main religiousRead MoreHappiness : The Goal Of Life1624 Words   |  7 PagesOutline THESIS: Happiness has many different interpretations throughout various religions and also many different definitions, but I believe that happiness is a goal and it all comes down to the way someone lives their life and their own thoughts. 1. Happiness: The Goal of Life a. Introduction 2. Religions Perspective on Happiness a. Overview of Religions b. Christians, Islamic and Judaism c. Buddhism and Taoism 3. People Throughout History’s Thoughts on Happiness a. Overview of Peoples PerspectivesRead MoreThe Challenges Of Leading A Good Life1691 Words   |  7 Pagesreally no hope of finding the good life, as people all try to fill the void in their lives. Then why has the Christian faith in God’s good work changed to that of the new church of self-prosperity? For without God people would keep climbing the ladder to what they feel should be the ultimate good, but coming away feeling empty and incomplete. Where is the wisdom in this because as Christians, God has called us to a higher standard, that needs to be more focused on living a Christ centered life. Not

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Civil Rights Act Of The United States - 1101 Words

Immigrant defined as a process of leaving one’s home country to settle in a new one. Immigration is a large group or number of immigrants. Some other words that are also known as immigrants are an outsider, settler, alien, newcomer, and foreigners. People often get legal and illegal immigrants confused on which one mean which. Legal is newcomers who have entered a country by law. Illegal is forbidden by law or statute. Emigrant is a person who emigrates from his or her native country or region. Personally, legal outsiders need to stay here while illegal outsiders should go back to the country they came from. First, immigration is a topic that has been around for centuries. Over the age of time, many influences have encouraged modification†¦show more content†¦According to â€Å"Immigration Policy on Issues and Controversies,† some say that is best to build a wall the border of the U.S. and Mexican and preventing homesteading to protect the U.S. Some that oppose to having the stricter measure to limit illegal homesteading is they do not harm the United States. Also, immigration and immigrants helped build the U.S, outsiders benefit the economy, and that this is un-American (1). Notwithstanding, immigrants are taking people’s jobs. People who are skilled or trained in a certain occupation have decreased, while the unskilled or untrained have increased over time because of illegal immigrants (Houle 75). Most businesses hire outsiders because they work for less money. Americans who have lower wages have to compete with settlers who work for low earnings for jobs (History). While Americans complain about how they should get paid better. Most Americans think that if they go on strike, their boss to get the point and give them a raise, but in the end, their boss can go and hire someone else or even an outsider and pay a lot less. Nevertheless, state immigration law that happened over the last couple of years. According to State Immigration Law, Alabama is the state that has the most illegal immigrants which are roughly around 120,000. Generally, 2.5 percent of Alabama’s residents are illegal Mexicans. A law called HB 56, inShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Act Of The United States Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pageskind of sad seeing our president for 8 years leave after all the great tasks he has accomplished for America.    Voting has been fought for many of years. In just 1866, the Civil Rights Act granted all native Americans citizenship but not the right to vote. In 1869, Congress granted the right for African American men the right to vote. Also, in 1896 Louisiana passed the â€Å"Grandfather Clause†, basically stating if you were descendents of a slave you couldn t vote. This still hindered   primarily AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of The United States1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the interpretation of its language. This focus became a clear codified interpretation in 1990, following the same strain of thoughts as the Civil Rights Act of the 1960’s, advocates of the disabled community lobbied for the equal protections that had been previously granted to racial minorities. In subsequent acts, the disabled constituency had gained protections in 1973 with the amendment of the Fair Housing Act and again in 1988 with theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of The United States1871 Words   |  8 Pagesas the Civil Rights Acts, the Equal Pay Act, the Fair Housing Act, and the Voting Rights Act that guarantee equality for all, regardless of race, gender, and ethnicity. Though these laws exist, they do not do the best job of ensuring equality. There is a sickening amount of inequality in the United States. As far as the Civil Rights Acts go, there have been improvements, but there is still a lot of discrimination and economic inequality among minorities in the United States. The Civil Rights ActsRead MoreThe Role Of Civil Disobedience And The Civil Rights Movement1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinjustices. Ranging from peaceful marches to powerful acts of civil disobedience, not only in the United States but in Central American countries such as Nicaragua. This being said, civil protests and peaceful demonstrations were not necessarily more successful in exuding change than pieces of legislation but moreso acted as a catalyst for social change, leading towards legislation that would positively impact those who protested. The concept of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration acting asRead MoreProtecting Fundamental Rights Of Citizens888 Words   |  4 PagesProtecting Fundamental Rights of Citizens â€Å"A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury† (â€Å"Civil Rights†). In his article â€Å"To Begin the Nation Anew: Congress, Citizenship, and Civil Rights after the Civil War,† Robert J. Kaczorowski discusses the relationship between civil rights and the constitution laws of the 1860s. The federal government creating amendments and laws â€Å"that conferred on all Americans the preciousRead MoreThe Progression of Civil Rights in the USA Essay657 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Civil rights are the rights guaranteed to the citizens of the specified location. When looking back at our history our civil rights have changed our life forever. Our civil rights were first introduced in 1787 as our Constitution. The Constitution states that any citizen is guaranteed the right to freedom of speech, of religion, and of press, and the rights to due process of law and to equal protection under the law. Civil Rights Acts and Movements helped define all of the civil rights but mainlyRead MoreImpact Of John F Kennedy On The Civil Rights Act Of 19641080 Words   |  5 Pagesa major influence on the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Prior to the act, segregation in the United States was still strongly supported, but civil rights groups continued to fight against racism. After the election of 1960, John F. Kennedy continually supported the civil rights movement and he created a Civil Rights Act to fight for equal rights. After his assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act act was passed. Segregation in the United States was very present prior to the electionRead MoreChapter 22 Apush Key Terms1694 Words   |  7 PagesMarcus Pando Period 4 Chapter 22 Key Terms Describe and state the historical significance of the following: 7. Freedmens Bureau Initiated by President Abraham Lincoln and was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War. At the end of the war, the Bureaus main role was providing emergency food, housing, and medical aid to refugees, though it also helped reunite families. Later, it focused its work on helping the freedmen adjust to their conditions of freedom. ItsRead MoreHeart of Atlanta V. United States825 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Atlanta v. United States Heart of Atlanta v. United States (1964) - Any business that was participating in interstate commerce would be required to follow all rules of the federal civil rights legislation. In this case, a motel that wanted to continue segregation was denied because they did business with people from other states. This important case represented an immediate challenge to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the landmark piece of civil rights legislation which represented the firstRead MoreSignificance Of The Reconstruction Act861 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction Acts – after the civil war four bills were passed by the United States Congress in 1867 in order to bring the country back together, providing the process and criteria that would allow the Southern states with the exception Tennessee, readmission into the Union. (Ohio Civil War Central, 2015) The significance of the Reconstruction act was the division of the south into five military districts; loyal freed male now allowed to vote, ex-confederate denied rights to hold office could

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Romeo and Juliet Journal Act 2 free essay sample

From the very beginning of the play the audience is warned that Romeo and Juliet’s love will not end well. There is much evidence in Act II that foreshadows the lover’s fate. One instance of this is when Romeo asks the Friar for consent to marry him with Juliet and the Friar shocked says â€Å"Holy Saint Francis! What a change is here! / Is Rosaline that though didst love so dear /so soon forsaken? Young mens love then lies/Not truly in their hearts/but in their eyes† (Act 2. 3 65-68). This foreshadows a bad end to Romeo and Juliet’s love as the friar is saying that he was so quick to get over Rosaline that obviously he has never been in love and is merely physically attracted to Juliet and doesn’t actually care about her the same way he was with Rosaline. As if this is true their relationship most probably won’t last long. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Journal Act 2 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another example of foreshadowing there terrible fate is when the friar is about to marry them and he gives the advice to the couple saying â€Å"These violent delights have violent ends/and in their triumph die, like fire and powder/which as they kiss consume. The sweetest honey/ is loathsome in his own deliciousness/and in the taste confounds the appetite/Therefore love moderately: long love doth so; /too swift arrives as tardy as too slow. † (Act 2. 6 9-15). This foreshadows their fate as he warns Juliet not to obsess and fascinate over Juliet as he did with Rosaline or his love won’t last as long and obviously Romeo refuses to head his warning. This passage does a great job predicting the befall of the characters as it pinpoints one of Romeo’s exact problems and one that he will not listen to the friar about and take his advice. One other example foreshadowing failure in Romeo and Juliet’s relationship is when Juliet is trying to get the nurse to tell her what Romeo had said about their marriage and how they plan to do it and the nurse says â€Å"Well, you have made a simple choice; you know/not how to choose a man. Romeo? No not he. † (Act 2. 5 38-39). This shows how the nurse doesn’t believe that Romeo is the right man for Juliet to marry.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Harmful Effects Of Smoking Essays - Smoking, Tobacco Smoking

The Harmful Effects Of Smoking The Harmful Effects of Smoking Name: Adam Newell Teacher: Dr. Delos Santos Section: 57 Date December 8, 1999 Research Paper Words: 1901 Every year thousands of people die because of lung cancer or other tobacco related illnesses. Everyone in the world comes in contact with smoke from a cigarette at least once in their lifetime, whether it is at a restaurant or at work. Millions of people are addicted to smoking, and thousands more become addicted every year. Cigarettes and other tobacco products are everywhere. Most of the addicted smokers started when they were young (Roberts 18). The reason why people get addicted to any type of tobacco product is because all tobacco products have nicotine in them, which is the addictive ingredient (American Thoracic Society 22). Every time a person smokes a cigarette or chews tobacco, that person ingests nicotine. I believe that the tobacco companies should be liable for every tobacco-related death each year. On the other hand, some people believe that everyone has a right to make their own judgment about their life. My opponent, Rosalind Marimont argues drugs and alcohol are more dangerous to society than tobacco (26). Second hand smoking is not a danger to the health of the community (Marimont 26). There are health benefits for people that do smoke tobacco (Marimont 27). So many people quit smoking each year, it is so ridiculous to think that tobacco products are addicting argues Richard DeGrandpre (39). The facts about tobacco and tobacco products have been shaded by the government and government agencies to make smoking less acceptable and more inconvenient to smokers and tobacco users Sullum argues (55). My opponents firmly believe that there are no risks if a person starts smoking. As you will see, I will show extenuating facts that disprove my opponents views on tobacco products. My opponent states that smoking is not dangerous, however, I intend to prove that smoking is dangerous not just to smokers, but to everyone as well. It is a proven fact that smoking causes lung cancer and heart disease (American Thoracic Society 19). Every person that breathes the smoke of tobacco products is at risk for tobacco-related illnesses. Even though smoking is not as publicized by the media as much as illegal drugs, cigarettes are just as bad. Smoking cigarettes leads to the use of other drugs that are more harmful to the person than cigarettes (Hall 22). If smoking was not dangerous, then why is there a commercial on television telling the viewer that the tobacco companies kill 1000 people everyday? The statistics on the number of people that die each year in the United States from tobacco or tobacco-related illness is astonishing. Over four hundred thousand people die each year from smoking (American Thoracic Society 19). Also, a person age twenty-five that is a heavy smoker has a life expectancy that is twenty-five percent less than a person that does not smoke (American Thoracic Society 19). more For something that is not a hazard to people's health, they sure do account for a lot of deaths that occur each year. I do not see how my opponent can contend that secondhand smoke is not a heath hazard to the rest of the community. Secondhand smoke affects everyone because it goes into the air. We (nonsmokers) can not protect ourselves from other people's cigarette smoke (Garrision 44). Everyone breaths, therefore, if you are sitting next to someone that smokes, you are probably getting a some smoke in your lungs. This happens because when smoke goes into the air, it disappears into the oxygen. As you breath in oxygen, you also breath in a minimal amount of the cigarette smoke. In 1986, a surgeon general's report was released that stated smoke from tobacco products can cause cancer in healthy non-smoking adults (Garrision 45). It has been proven that secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer and other tobacco-related illnesses in people that do not smoke (Garrision 45). Yet the tobacco companies continue to deny that the smoke of cigarettes cause these illnesses to non-users of tobacco (Garrision 47). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that secondhand smoke is the cause of over three thousand deaths from lung cancer each year (Garrison 44). Smoking has also been linked to colon cancer. Even if you quit smoking, your risk of colon cancer remains higher than if you had never started smoking (Keyishian 13). Many people are aware of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke and agree with restrictions and/or a total

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Things You Should Know When Writing a Personal Statement

Things You Should Know When Writing a Personal Statement Personal Statement Writing Secrets The role of personal statement is hard to overestimate because the future of your educations depends on its quality. Writing a personal statement requires not just good writing skills but also creativity and certain level of mental sharpness. Writing skills are useful for every person who wants to become a good professional, but writing skills alone cant guarantee that you will write a decent personal statement. Creativity, ability to think out of the box and a sharp mind are the necessary elements which in combination with good writing skills can help you to craft an excellent personal statement. It means that you need to understand well what youre writing and how exactly youre planning to do this. These two things are the key to writing a good personal statement. Personal Statement Writing Guide Before we proceed to giving you more tips on writing a personal statement, lets clarify the terminology which people still find confusing: Personal statement is a type of essay that is written in order to demonstrate a college admissions committee why you are a good fit for their college and what is your motivation to enter this particular college. Personal statement term is also used for graduate school. College essay means the same thing as a personal statement so I will use both of these terms in this article interchangeably. Essay prompt this is the main question that your college essay is supposed to address. Supplemental essay additional essay beyond personal statement that some educational institutions may require. Now, as we know the terminology lets look at the structure of a personal statement: What is the angle that you want to use to tell the story? What key points do you want to focus on in your story? In case you begin your college essay with a thesis statement, you should reinforce it throughout the whole essay and return to it in the end. Conclusion should restate your focus in a way that lets the college admission committee know why youre an excellent fit for their educational institution. Lets assume that you have selected the college or university where you want to study. Before you start working on a personal statement you need to learn as much as possible about the requirements to the personal statement in this particular educational institution. Also, it is advisable to do a research on prospective college or university to understand its values and see if they correspond to yours. Knowing a background of the educational institution that you want to apply to will be great for your personal statement because if you mention how your life and your values are related to the life and values of the university it will definitely show the admission committee that you have done your research and youre a passionate candidate that should be considered very seriously. When writing a personal statement carefully think what you should and what you shouldnt mention there. For instance, you shouldnt mention facts that dont correlate with your achievements, traits of character and further education. On the other hand, you should mention achievements which are relevant to the spirit of an educational institution that youre applying for. Never forget that there are hundreds of others who are applying with you. This notion should make you understand that you need to focus on something that makes you special. College Personal Statement Prompts: The Process of Writing a Personal Statement Analyze questions mentioned in the application Make a research of the educational institution that youre applying for Write your college essay Revise it and make sure that its devoid of grammatical and logical errors Ask a faculty member in your area to read your essay and give recommendations Make another revision and proofread it one final time Help Writing Personal Statement: Things to Avoid Controversial or too flowery language Mentioning your desire to become a part of this particular educational institution since the young age Being too proud or too modest When writing a personal statement be sincere and use a neutral tone. List all your virtues, values and achievements that are relevant to the definition of a good student for this educational institution. Try to think about what you can achieve as a student and where these achievements may take you in your adult life. Think how they can benefit your educational institution, your community, your city, state, country or even the whole world. Use your creativity and write your college essay interestingly so that the members of admission committee dont get bored while reading it. You may even include a joke or two if appropriate, but be very careful with it, because inappropriate jokes only do harm. Of course, students dont write personal statements often, that is why it seems like a difficult task. While its certainly not easy, calling it difficult would be an exaggeration because if you follow the tips on writing a personal essay offered in this article, writing this essay ceases to be a difficult task. Feel a deep sense of your being within yourself and try to write out of this sense. Be very sincere and project your authenticity from your heart right onto the paper. Admission committee will definitely notice personal statements written in that manner.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on Dropping the Atomic Bomb

Dropping the Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Tibbetts, was chosen to make the mission. The mission was recorded as successful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A.M. This was an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States. Was the United States justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb? Yes, they were justified for many reasons. The primary reason was, that it would stop the war. Why is it that this war needed to be stopped so badly? Even though in some ways it was helping our economy, it was very costly in both money and lives. Also, the United States soldiers were undergoing harsh treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. Another reason the war needed to be stopped was to defend ourselves from another attack on U.S. soil, which in turn would kill many of our U.S. citizens. This is why the war needed to be stopped; thus, justifying the use of the atomic bomb. World War II was the costlies t war in history, in terms of lives lost. No exact figures exist, but approximately between 15 and 20 million military personnel were killed. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 innocent United States citizens were murdered by our enemies. It has been estimated that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had invaded Japan instead, the United States would have lost about a million soldiers. The Japanese suicidal fighting strategies greatly effected this number. The Japanese would rather die than surrender. This is demonstrated by the battle of Saipan. At this battle over half of the population of Saipan walked off a cliff instead of surrendering to the United States. This was often very effective. Many times when a Japanese soldier decided to blow himself up instead of surrendering he would kill many Americans with the same blast. Also the kamikaze techniques of the Japanese fighters killed many soldiers. If this wa... Free Essays on Dropping the Atomic Bomb Free Essays on Dropping the Atomic Bomb Dropping the Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Tibbetts, was chosen to make the mission. The mission was recorded as successful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A.M. This was an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States. Was the United States justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb? Yes, they were justified for many reasons. The primary reason was, that it would stop the war. Why is it that this war needed to be stopped so badly? Even though in some ways it was helping our economy, it was very costly in both money and lives. Also, the United States soldiers were undergoing harsh treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. Another reason the war needed to be stopped was to defend ourselves from another attack on U.S. soil, which in turn would kill many of our U.S. citizens. This is why the war needed to be stopped; thus, justifying the use of the atomic bomb. World War II was the costlies t war in history, in terms of lives lost. No exact figures exist, but approximately between 15 and 20 million military personnel were killed. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 innocent United States citizens were murdered by our enemies. It has been estimated that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had invaded Japan instead, the United States would have lost about a million soldiers. The Japanese suicidal fighting strategies greatly effected this number. The Japanese would rather die than surrender. This is demonstrated by the battle of Saipan. At this battle over half of the population of Saipan walked off a cliff instead of surrendering to the United States. This was often very effective. Many times when a Japanese soldier decided to blow himself up instead of surrendering he would kill many Americans with the same blast. Also the kamikaze techniques of the Japanese fighters killed many soldiers. If this wa...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Future strategy for next three years (Starbucks) Essay

Future strategy for next three years (Starbucks) - Essay Example The government policies on trade are consistent and there is no government change expected in the coming years. This means that a strategy can be devised confidently to expand the business, keeping in view the government policies. Taxes may be reduced after the troops pull out of Afghanistan. This would increase the margin of profit for Starbucks. Though the world is facing economic recession, the company is still doing well as it deals in products which are of daily use and cannot be skipped by most people (Faulkner 1995).  . The factor which needs to be taking into consideration is that other brands have emerged and are emerging which can pose tough competition to Starbucks. Another factor which may contribute to lesser profits is that the public is becoming more aware of health issues like obesity and their cautious attitudes can make them stop using products high in fats such as pastries etc. This will have a negative effect on the business. Some of the factors discussed above provide opportunities for the company like reduction of taxes and availability of technology, while others pose threats like competition and health consciousness by the consumers. Keeping in mind these factors, the strategy would be formulated which would make use of the opportunities to overcome the threats posed to the company and make the company grow bigger. The business strategy would include steps like improving productivity, altering the price to defeat competition, and innovation in sitting environment to attract customers. The corporate objectives would be to make the company an outstanding International retailer. Furthermore, the team should be built and well trained to create more value (Warner 2010).  . 2.0 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS It is a leader in... Starbucks is leading the world in its Italian style drinks and provides high quality standard drinks and coffee. In addition, it’s also providing accessories and confections throughout its retail stores. It is a recognized brand providing best services and best tastes with broad distribution throughout the globe. Although weaknesses and threats are there but are mild enough and can be ignored and opportunities and strengths are far ahead which would significantly boast the sales of the company in a positive way. Starbucks is a well recognized company which has more opportunities than threats. In the near future it is expected by the Starbucks Company to be flourishing in a big market, as its policies are clear and tight. It wouldn’t compromise on its quality, services and care for employees and workers but most probably would cut down its profits if the situation arises, which are the standard policies of a successful sustainable company.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Relationships with Grandparents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Relationships with Grandparents - Essay Example One study suggests that grandparents â€Å"are thought to exert influence is in adolescent and young adult grandchildren’s identity development† (Wise, 2010, p. 57). I would have to agree with this statement since there are various things about me in which I can point out to be my grandparents’ influence, and there are also a lot of events from my adolescent years in which I was able to appreciate family ties because of them. Furthermore, the generational gap between grandchildren and grandparents can be a tool in establishing a balanced relationship, while parents are busy working for the needs of the families. Grandparents can be very tolerating with our acts, especially if they live far from where our parents live. However, some of us failed to see their effort of bringing the essence of a complete family. As what Wise (2010) points out, the mediating roles of grandparents are evident when the child wants to visit the grandparents, accompanied by his mother or father. This is especially important since children from divorced parents need more social support. They could be a potential emotional counselor since they have more experience than their grandchildren, and consequently teach them how to handle things in a mature way. The role of the grandparents in the family, and the social structure as a whole is crucial in a way that they are in between being caregivers for their grandchildren and at the same time, needing care for themselves.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Process of Settlement in Qatar Essay Example for Free

The Process of Settlement in Qatar Essay Introduction Thesis Statement The settlement events that took place between Qatar and two nations (Bahrain and Saudi Arabia) had causes significant modifications, such as economic boost and individualism decline, in the modern day settlement conditions of Qatar.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the rich history of Qatar dating from 1766 up to the present, the territorial settlement within the area had originated to different areas and had progressed through different events and policy agreements. From the ancient times, prior to the official settlement of Qatar, the physical characteristics of the area comprise of a dry interior with no formal occupants but rather nomadic tribes. However, the arrival of the Bani Utub had caused the emergence of the Qatar settlement. During the initial phases of Qatar settlements, the rough start had always been present due to commotions and familial conflicts that sometimes lead to the reduction of their small population[1]. The segments of the Bani Utub clan in Kuwait, the al-Khalifa and al-Jalahima, left Kuwait for Zubara, on Qatar’s western coast, where they established the Qatar settlement[2]. This perspective had been considered as far as the ancient times; however, the rally and the cradle of new civilization had formed the new issues on Qatar settlements together with Saudi Arabia that significantly affected the economic and societal stand of the country. It was during the 19th century when the first issue on Qatar and Saudi Arabian settlements had broken out considering the border settings of the country. The settlement argument of Qatar had also reached the attention of different areas, such as Bahrain, Egypt, etc. The process of settlement of Qatar’s land had caused significant impact within the society especially on economic and social conditions. In this study, the primary aim is to determine the process of settlement that has been present in Qatar. The study also gives emphasis on the effects of this settlement issues in the modern conditions of Qatar today. Discussion Settlement in Qatar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historically, Qatar was one of the sovereign states that possessed its own control over the manipulation of its state management. The borders comprised the midway of the Western coast of the Arabian Gulf from which the Qatar society had main obtained their living in the line of fishing industry. However, the boundary lines of Qatar coincided to Arabian Gulf, specifically with Saudi Arabia and Bahrain’s maritime boundaries. Qatar scope of settlements also included other Arab countries, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Iranian territories[3]. Measuring the Qatari settlements, the arid desert and dry climate of Qatar had extended over the Peninsula, which were about two hundred kilometers long and hundred Kilometers wide with an area coverage totaling to 11850 square Kilometers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the historical perspective of Qatar, the modern rule occurred during the early 18th century wherein Al-Thani family of Qatar, which was considered as the dominate family of the tribal settlement that was from the lineage of Al-Maadhid (part of the Bani Tamim hierarchy ) tribe of Ushaiqir in the province of Al-Washm of Nejd, came to the settlements of Qatar[4]. From the early settlement of the family, Al-Thani decided to explore and relocate their settlements to Zubara, Ruwais and Fuwairat during the start of middle 18th century; hence, triggering the trend of Qatar’s modern settlements. The history of Qatar’s union with Bahrain as a dependent country during the time of Muhammad bin Thani’s dynasty (1868-1876). This pact was continued by the Al Khalifah during their settlement in Zubarah, which lies on the west coast of the Qatar peninsula[5]. From here on, the issues of settlements with Qatar and other nearby countries, which had originated with the early leaders of their land, had ignited to form border concerns and territorial arguments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the entrance of 21st century, the Al Thani ruling family of Qatar had significantly battling against the Al Khalifa claim to the old settlement area, which had been under Qatari’s territorial rights[6]. In 1994, the issue on Qatar settlement with Bahrain and Saudi Arabia had reached the International Court of Justice (ICJ) wherein the office had to consider the legal effects of a double exchange of letters between these countries. The ICJ allocated sovereignty over Zubarah, Janan Island and the low-tide elevation of Fasht ad Dibal to Qatar. On the other hand, Bahrain was granted sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit’at Jaradah. From this point, the maritime disputes between Bahrain and Qatar had been settled with the delimitation from a point centrally in the Gulf of Bahrain, but not exceeding the boundary line with Saudi Arabia[7]. According to Aust (2000), Saudi Arabia, having agreed to use its good offices to help solve certain territorial disputes between the other two states sent each of them letters in identical terms proposing certain settlement procedures[8]. From that point, no significant tensions had occurred between Saudi Arabia and the demarcation of Qatar’s borders; although, it left significant conflict against Iran and other nearby countries, such as Kuwait and Yemen. With the advent of Qatar merging its borders with Saudi Arabia, significant changes occurred in its economy and society, such as the expansion of oil market under Saudi Arabian supervision across the world market, etc. Social and Economic Changes in Qatar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effects of the settlement issues in Qatar did somehow caused disruption in the economic and society; however, the country was still able to adapt and maintain the conditions of their land. According to Rice, from the later period in Qatar, during the time when the Gulf was the main artery of world trade and the settlements on eastern coast of Arabia became cities of the great commercial importance, are almost very barren, with no evidence yet discovered continuous occupations[9]. However, even with the unfavorable conditions of Qatar, they were still able to promote economic and societal growth in their area that resulted to the development of their country. In one scenario, the merging of Qatar to Saudi Arabian settlement after signing the General Agreement of Participation, as the modern course of their system, significantly boosted the oil market of Qatar towards the World Market[10]. Most significantly, Qatar is well known for its oil production and market across the world market of oil. The participation of Qatar with Saudi Arabia came in the progress of development and modernization of their country. Qatar had experienced significant economic boost through the wide exports of oil and other commodities. The decision of the government to merge their lands with Saudi Arabia had significantly triggered the open of Qatar trade and market in an international scope. However, the Qatar settlement, specifically on the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit’at Jaradah, was claimed by Bahrain after a long argument. This was decided upon by the IJC, which rendered their appeal in vain; however, they were granted with the other part of the territory that they were fighting for, which were the Zubarah, Janan Island and the low-tide elevation of Fasht ad Dibal to Qatar. This territorial allocation had greatly affected the society through the expansion of possible trade market that can provide significant boost in the welfare of the society Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the study, the settlement of Qatar had originated form the family of Al-Thani, which later on dominated the social trends and political management of their land. The historical process of Qatar’s settlement had long been frustrated by the arguments and claims of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The ICJ had provided its jurisdiction of granting parts of Qatar islands to Bahrain while retaining Zubarah, Janan Island and Fasht ad Dibal to Qatar, which somehow resolved the conflict between the two warring countries. On the other hand, the settlement issues with Saudi Arabia had provided caused the merging of territorial affinities through in the perspective of trades and industries, and one of these was the oil participation of Qatar under the General Agreement of Participation. The settlement issues of Qatar had caused significant pros and cons in the society and economy. The pros concerned with the advancement of their trade and industry giving the Qatari society an open opportunity for oil transport and international trade market. However, the cons was the lost of parts of their islands and the reduction of their economic individualism as per their participation with Saudi Arabia. Works Cited Anderson, Ewan W. nternational Boundaries: A Geopolitical Atlas. Routledge, 2003. Aust, Anthony. Modern Treaty Law and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 2000. Bahl, Taru. Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World. Anmol Publications PVT Ltd, 2004. Crystal, Jill. Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar. Cambridge University Press, 1995. Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. I.B.Tauris, 2003. Rice, Michael. The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf. Routledge, 1994. Zahlan, Rosemarie. The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the U.A.E. Routledge, 1989. [1] Crystal, Jill. Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p.26 [2] Ibid 26 [3] Zahlan, Rosemarie. The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the U.A.E. Routledge, 1989, p.84 [4] Ibid 84 [5] Ibid 84 [6] Bahl, Taru. Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World. Anmol Publications PVT Ltd, 2004. p.103 [7] Anderson, Ewan W. nternational Boundaries: A Geopolitical Atlas. Routledge, 2003. p.103 [8] Aust, Anthony. Modern Treaty Law and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 2000. p.18 [9] Rice, Michael. The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf. Routledge, 1994. p.233 [10] Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. I.B.Tauris, 2003. p.161

Friday, November 15, 2019

External and Internal Factors Essay -- External Internal Factors Manag

External and Internal Factors There are many external and internal factors that impact the planning functions of management. We must all be mindful of these factors because they could have an enormous impact on organizations productivity. The process of assessing the external and internal factors that an organization will face can be vital to the planning function of management. One must determine a set of issues and constraints and then list the assumptions that will impact the implementation of the plan. The environmental assessment develops understanding of external and internal processes that influence the organizations success rate. The purpose of the environmental assessment is to identify and analyze the key trends, forces, and phenomena having a potential impact on the formulation and implementation of strategies. In effect, the environmental assessment attempts to prepare the organization to acclimatize to environmental changes to take advantage of opportunities and to minimize the adverse effects o f threats. Once the environmental assessment is complete, it is analyzed to prioritize issues, constraints and assumptions that could influence the planning function of management. The assessment of external factors analyze outside the physical confines of the enterprise. These factors are beyond the control of the enterprise, and could have significant impact on the planning function of management. The external assessment is performed at a worldwide level and at a metropolitan area level. At the worldwide level, the assessment includes economic trends of national and local economies, social trends, government policies of national and local influence, and technological advancements of the world at large. This includes the impact of our global market, technology advancements throughout the world, and e-business that is rapidly growing. Macro elements are analyzed to uncover issues, constraints and assumptions that could influence the integrated planning function of management. At the metropolitan area level, the assessment includes industry trends, market trends, customer expectations, competitor performance, competitive alternatives, and supplier capabilities. The internal environmental evaluation closely parallels the external evaluation of the environment. The internal evaluation requires gathering and assimilating information about the fi... ...g environment's ethics and culture, with management as its champion. When managers are champions of projects, some things get done. Also, when managers are champions of improvement programs, some more things get done. But when managers champion the culture, a much bigger thing happens. The projects, the programs, the quality journey over time, and the organization, all flourish, and the organization truly transforms itself into a higher quality organization. Because organizations operate as open systems, a relationship between external and internal forces will always exist. Managers must recognize that external and internal forces can be highly interrelated. When managers are able to identify change as well as the external and internal settings in which the change is taking place, the organization will be able to appropriately respond and adopt strategies that will enable the organization to be effective. One should always think critically, and have a mission for your company as a manager. A company without a clear understanding of our global market is a company destined to fail. Set goals for your company. Establish teams to do research and carry forth organizations visions.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Whose Sentence is it Anyway?

The title of this lesson is â€Å"Whose Sentence is it Anyway?†Ã‚   It is based on the TV show â€Å"Whose Line is it Anyway?† and is a lesson designed to improve the language arts skills of the students.   Under this lesson plan, the subjects, in this case the students, must be able to complete the sentence that is given to them by the instructor.   The goal of these learning exercises is to be able to improve the emphasized language arts strand related to the presentation of English words and sentences. An integral part in the learning of language arts has always been the understanding of how certain words, when used in different order and context, have different meanings and are able to convey a totally different message from what was originally intended.   The key component of these exercises in learning the language arts lies in the entertainment value of such and also the group work that is involved, in an attempt to also encourage social interactions among the students. The main concept to be taught in these exercises involves the understanding of Basic English sentence structures and the use of punctuations in sentences.   Incidental to these learning exercises is the necessity for the students to possess a basic understanding of the many uses of certain words of the English language.   This lesson plan also helps students deal with different social situations and shows what the appropriate responses are to these situations by demonstrating the effects when a proper response is not given as opposed to how effective communication can be when the proper response is provided. The structure of the lesson plan will follow the basic outline as reproduced within this report. Language Arts Activity: Complete the Silly Sentence Emphasized Language Arts Strand: Presenting I. The Basic Concepts: Sentence structure and use of English vocabulary II. Behavioral Objectives The students are expected to learn how to form complete and correct sentences. The students are also expected to be able to relate and interpret how different subjects, verbs and adjectives relate to one another in completing sentences. III. Materials: A container marked â€Å"Feelings† or â€Å"Adjectives†, which contains ten laminated cards with different feelings or adjectives written on them A container marked â€Å"Action† with ten laminated cards with different actions written on them A container marked â€Å"Person† with ten laminated cards with different people or occupations written on them Laminated â€Å"Complete Sentence† cards Small dry erase board and dry erase markers. IV. Teaching/ Learning Procedures: A student is to be chosen as the â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† of the group while another student is chosen to be the recorder.   The â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† takes one of the laminated strips from each of the three labeled containers.   The three strips drawn should form a silly sentence that the â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† must attempt to express without the use of words.   The other students must guess what the words written on each card were and attempt to put these words together to form the silly sentence. Card subjects may be guessed one at a time such that when one card is guessed the recorder writes it on the board.   The first student to correctly guess all three card subjects together and thus forming a complete sentence receives a â€Å"Complete Sentence† card and becomes the next â€Å"Pantomime Presenter†.   The previous â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† now becomes the recorder.   The first student to collect five â€Å"Complete Sentence† cards is awarded with an activity pass which entitles student to five minutes extra center time. V. Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the student’s understanding by observing the game playing activity and by helping to clarify questions or problems when needed.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Flags of Our Fathers & Letters of Iwo Jima

‘Flags of our Fathers’ is a movie directed by Clint Eastwood and takes place during World War 2 about the Battle of Iwo Jima. The film circulates around the five Marines and the lone Navy solider who raised the American flag on Mt. Suribachi. Although the photo was taken when they raised the replacement flag, since the military wanted to keep the original so politicians would not take it and put it in their home as a shrine. There were only three survivors out of the six that raised the flag, so they were shipped back to the United States.When they got back they travel the United Stated shaking people’s hands and telling them about the photo in order to raise money for the war. Throughout the trip Ira is constantly getting drunk and eventually gets shipped back to his unit as he wished since he made the General very angry. The remaining two soldiers continue to travel and raise money. After the war ends, all three finally get to go home. Although two of the soldie rs struggled with their life after the war, since one went on to become a school janitor and the other hitchhiked across the country and could not escape his past.While the other soldier bought a funeral home and ran it until he passed away, he was the only successful one. All three saw each other one last time at the unveiling of the Marines War memorial, which was a statue of the flag raising on Mt. Suribachi. ‘Letters from Iwo Jima’ was also another movie about World War 2 involving Battle of Iwo Jima directed by Clint Eastwood, except this film shows you the other side of the war. It shows you what the Japanese did to prepare for the war and shows there perspective of it.Although it mainly focuses on a few soldiers and one particularly, who was a just a young man who was a baker who got drafted. It starts off when Japanese soldiers were digging trenches on the beach then the General comes and changes everything. He tells to start digging tunnels for what they though t would be a better defense. Since the Japanese fleet was destroyed he did not think it was necessary to have trenches on the beach. Then the United States invaded Iwo Jima, they quickly over took the beach. Shortly after, they quickly took over all of Iwo Jima.The Japanese soldiers knew it was over so some started committing suicide but the young baker refused to and got away trying to save his own life. He then travels all the way across the island where he meets the general, who saves his life. In returning the favor, the general asks the baker to burn all his military documents and basically gives him a chance to go back to his family while he leads one last attack. He then burns all the documents like he was told but decides to put all the letters in a bag and buries them in the dirt so someone can find them.Some years down the road they are found and that is how the story is told from the Japanese point of view. ‘Flags of our Fathers’ and ‘Letters from Iwo J ima’ both take place during World War 2 which was from 1939 to 1945 but the battle both movies focuses in on took place on February 19th, 1945. The message Flags of our Fathers is that no matter who you are you can always make a difference. All it takes is faith, consistency and hard work. The flag raising was also very patriotic and it gave many Americans hope that we had won the war and it was over.Although they failed to realize what the Americans had to go through in the war, they just saw the picture and realized everything was fine and came up with their own story on what they think happened. While in ‘Letters of Iwo Jima’ the Japanese soldiers were also very patriotic I believe. The film shows you that you should never disrespect your country regardless of what type of situation you are in. You should always fight, stand up, and have pride for your country and never take the cowards way out. In the film ‘Flags of our Fathers’, I believe there is one bias.This is that the people of America mainly just paid recognition to the three soldiers who raised the flag and seemingly forgot about everyone else fighting in the war. Yes I am well aware of that the movie focuses on that flag raising, but they even said so in the movie that people saw the picture and assumed victory and came up with their own story about it. At first while watching the movie while reading the questions I thought it was pretty obvious that the two marines and lone navy corpsmen were the heroes of the movie but later on I found out that there were no heroes.In the final scene of the movie, the son of one of the soldiers states; there is no such thing as heroes and the soldiers were uncomfortable being called heroes, since heroes are something we create and need. It is a way for us to understand what is almost incomprehensible. How people could sacrifice so much for their buddies. They may have fought for their country but they died for their friends with a man in front and a man beside them. If we wish to truly honor these men, we should remember them how they truly were.After I heard that statement he made, it really opened up my mind and made a lot of sense. I strongly believe in that statement, they were just regular guys doing what they ordered to do. Then enemy in the film is clearly Japan since there is no other option. That is the country we are fighting in the war against. Yes, I believe both countries were treated fairly and there was no misrepresentation of history. I think Japan got what was coming to them and is a perfect example of the old saying â€Å"what goes around comes back around†.Since they attacked China several times and even had the courage to attack the United States when they bombed Pearl Harbor. So it is not United State’s fault they were beaten so badly in the movie because quite frankly, they started it but could not back it up. In ‘Letters of Iwo Jima’, it is hard to determine if there are any biases and I do believe that there is not any. Also, the heroes of this movie were also hard to determine. Although, I believe there were two different heroes on the Japanese side of the battle.I think the first hero was General Kuribayashi, since he saved Saigo who was the young baker’s life three different times. The first time being when he said unpatriotic things about Japan to his friend then the Captain overheard and almost killed him before the General stopped him. The second came when the same captain tried killing him again for not obeying orders when he left Mount Suribachi and the General saved him again. Then the third time was when the General told him to stay behind and burn all the war documents and letters while he led one last attack.Obviously, the second hero I believe was Saigo since he chose to bury all the letters instead of burning them, therefore people could know what really happened on Japans side of the battle because if had not hav e buried them, nobody would have never knew. The enemy is obviously the United States since they are the ones Japan is trying to defend their country from. Japan was treated fairly but they could not match up well with the United States since they started bombing all these countries and thought they were invincible and lost their Navy Fleet, which was the main reason why they lost the battle so quickly and easily.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Best AP Biology Notes to Study With

The Best AP Biology Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's natural for your in-class notes to get a little disorganized in a course that covers as much material as AP Biology. If you're missing a couple of sections of notes or if you just want to see a clearer outline of how the course is structured, this article will be helpful. I've compiled all the information you need to know for the AP Biology test in the form of links to online notes and descriptions of labs. I'll also follow up with some tips on using these notes effectively. How to Use These AP Biology Notes The notes in this article can be used to study for tests throughout the year that deal with smaller portions of the curriculum, or they can be referenced in your studying for the final exam. In both cases, supplement them with information from a textbook and/or review book. You should also incorporate practice questions, quizzes, and tests into your studying to solidify your knowledge of the material. You can find these resources in my AP Biology study guide, a review book, your textbook, or the materials provided by your teacher. In-class tests, quizzes, and labs are also useful study aids. Don’t just read through the notes once and expect to do well! Since AP Biology requires a significant amount of analysis and critical thinking beyond memorization, you need to practice answering questions that test skills beyond the basic knowledge you’ll get from the notes. If you’re using these notes to study for a particular portion of the AP Biology course, you can find the appropriate topic area in the list below. I’ve organized the topics according to the four Big Ideas of the course so that you can find the unit you're looking for more easily. If you’re using these notes to study for the final exam, assess your strengths and weaknesses first so that you can prioritize the right content areas. Take a diagnostic test to determine how high you’re currently scoring and which types of questions give you the most trouble. You can use a test from a review book, or you can use one that you find online (just make sure it's the new version with 69 questions on the multiple choice section!). Print it out and give yourself the appropriate amount of time for each section so that you’re not caught off-guard by time constraints on the real exam. If you're practicing for in-class tests, you should also rehearse your creepy stare so that your teacher will be too terrified to give you anything less than an A. AP Biology Notes In this section, I’ll give you links to some resources for notes on every aspect of the AP Biology curriculum. Make sure you supplement them with class notes and records of your lab assignments. CourseNotes I found some of the most comprehensive and up-to-date AP Biology notes on CourseNotes. I’ve provided links to notes on specific topics to make it easier for you to target areas that are difficult for you. One downside to these notes is that there’s a ton of text and no pictures to break it up. If you find that this format doesn’t work well for you, consider getting a review book or consulting one of the other resources I’ll list in the next section. Big Idea 1: The Process of Evolution Drives the Diversity and Unity of Life Includes: Natural selection Hardy-Weinberg Biodiversity Vertebrates Invertebrates Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Protists Fungi Plant evolution Animal evolution Big Idea 2: Biological Systems Utilize Free Energy and Molecular Building Blocks to Grow, to Reproduce and to Maintain Dynamic Homeostasis Includes: Molecular biology Water Carbon/molecular diversity of life Macromolecules Homeostasis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic respiration Metabolism Cell structure Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cell structure Cell membrane properties Active transport Passive transport Phospholipid bilayer Immune response Big Idea 3: Living Systems Store, Receive, Transmit and Respond to Information Essential to Life Processes Includes: Genes DNA structure and replication Mendel and the laws of inheritance Cell cycle Mitosis Meiosis Cancerous cells Cell communication Viruses Endocrine system Nervous system Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact, and These Systems and Their Interactions Possess Complex Properties Includes: How Plants Work Plant Structure Transport in Vascular Plants Plant Nutrition Circulatory system and respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Muscular and skeletal systems Ecology Behavioral Population Community So many Big Ideas! Other Content Resources There are also a couple additional places where you can find notes on specific sections of the course. These resources are slightly outdated (they're tailored to the format of either the pre-2012 AP Biology curriculum or older textbooks), but they still contain information that may be useful in your studying. This page, for example, has notes on most topics covered in the current curriculum. There are also these notes on the 7th edition of the Campbell textbook; it’s not the most recent version of the book, but it might be helpful. The main difference between these notes and the notes in the previous section is that they aren't organized by Big Idea (the Big Ideas are an innovation of the new AP Biology curriculum), so it's not as easy to connect terms and concepts to larger themes as you review. Lab Summaries There are thirteen labs included in the AP Biology curriculum. Here’s a link to a page that briefly goes through all of the labs you’ll complete in a standard AP Biology class. Labs are also categorized by "Big Idea." If you're using these documents to review your lab assignments, skip to the second section of each PDF (where the page headers become red instead of blue). Labs for Big Idea 1 Artificial selection Mathematical modeling (Hardy-Weinberg) Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships Labs for Big Idea 2 Diffusion and Osmosis Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Labs for Big Idea 3 Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Labs for Big Idea 4 Energy Dynamics Transpiration Fruit Fly Behavior Enzyme Activity Make sure you also go through the actual lab work you did in class. Your own reports and data are the most valuable resources for reviewing this aspect of the AP curriculum. Big Picture Summaries The notes in this section are useful for revisiting major topics right before the exam. This packet covers all the main concepts you'll need to learn for AP Biology. You can also take a look at this extremely detailed review sheet that provides a similar rundown of the most essential parts of the course. If you want more guidance in your studying, consider buying a review book. Read my guide to the best review books for AP Biology here. AP Biology Studying: Let’s Talk Strategy Before you dive into the notes, read these tips so you can make the most out of the time you spend getting cozy with biological facts. Tip #1: Draw Diagrams and Rewrite Definitions There are many complex concepts that you’ll need to understand to do well on any assessment in AP Biology. These can be difficult to master just by reading notes. I find that drawing out the processes described in your textbook and notes can be very helpful in bridging the gap between memorization and genuine understanding. If you draw a diagram of the different parts of a cell or the process of cellular respiration, it will make more sense to you logically and will be easier to recall on the test. If this seems too involved, you can try rewriting the complex explanation in your own words to simplify it and make it easier to remember. Even just the act of writing it down will help you remember it better. Tip #2: Remember the Big Ideas Each concept in AP Biology falls under the larger umbrella of one of the four Big Ideas of the course. Remember not to lose sight of these ideas when you’re studying. As you review each smaller process or concept, link it back to a main theme. This will help you to contextualize it within the framework of the course as a whole and apply your knowledge logically to unfamiliar scenarios that may be presented on the test. In AP Biology (and the subject of Biology as a whole), everything is connected. Tip #3: Hit Refresh Remembering something right after you’ve studied it is one thing, and remembering it in the long term is another. After you get through a few sections of notes, go back and do a quick review of all the information you’ve learned. I’d also recommend doing this after you get through all the notes that pertain to a Big Idea for the course. It will help you to synthesize and retain the information so it doesn’t fall out of your brain as soon as you move onto the next topic (which can happen in AP Biology because there are so many details to remember!). Tip #4: Study the Method, Not Just the Information It’s easy to get caught up in going over the minuscule details of every topic in AP Biology, but you should devote at least some of your time to reviewing labs and general experimental principles. This includes concepts like dependent and independent variables, control groups, and unit conversions. You’ll see quite a few questions on the AP test (and most likely on your in-class tests throughout the year) that deal with experimental scenarios. It's much less stressful to answer these types of questions if you’re familiar with how similar experiments were conducted in your class. Conclusion You can continue to use this article as a reference point as you progress through the AP Biology curriculum. These notes should help you study for in-class assessments and the final AP test. Take practice tests often, and go over any areas where you feel less confident. If you take the time to prepare appropriately, you'll be pleasantly surprised by how little stress you feel on test day! What's Next? Is AP Biology especially challenging compared to other APs? Read this article for a detailed discussion on the difficulty level of the course and exam. Many students who take AP Biology also take the Biology SAT Subject Test. Learn more about the differences between the two exams and whether one is more important than the other in college admissions. As you review your notes for the AP, be sure to check out our biology topic guides. We go over the difference between homologous and analogous structures, what the photosynthesis equation is and how to use it, and the purpose of enzymes. We also teach you about cell theory and cell biology (including the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum). Are you planning on applying to Ivy League or other highly selective colleges? Find out how many AP classes you should take in high school to end up with the strongest chance of acceptance. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Free Essays on “Sports Drinks Refresh Rivalry For Coke, Pepsi”

This article takes a look at Coke’s Powerade vs. Pepsi’s Gatorade and how Coke plans on reviving their struggling product. Throughout this article it is apparent that Coke is using motivation and leadership while managing to change its underdog product. The company hopes that by using these methods they will gain more of the market share in the sport drink industry with the rival of Powerade. In the article Rohan Oza, a senior brand manager who is in charge of the Powerade campaign, claims the company is, â€Å"evolving the sports-drink category†. Coke is using a proactive process of change, since they are setting a new course of action for their sports drink rather than correcting the current one. Beginning last summer, Mr. Oza formed a quality circle to develop new strategies for the product. He stated that the group â€Å"started with a blank sheet†. The team was made of motivated individuals who had an organizational goal of working to achieve success above Pepsi’s Gatorade in the industry. The team began to â€Å"live and feel the brand,† says the Mr. Oza. They met with football players, energy experts, psychologists, and even talked to a MTV producer to make decisions about how the product should evolve. The equity theory will hopefully prove that the knowledge, education and experience of the team will allow their new strategy to be successful. The campaign that normally would take a team two years to develop took them less than one. This was in part due to many decisions that were made on instinct, such as the products new logo. While Coke is implementing many new ways to get their product to the consumer, Pepsi still remains to be the leader in the industry. Pepsi claims, â€Å"We’re going to watch Powerade closely and see how they do.† However they don’t feel that it will affect what they do. Pepsi believe they, â€Å"know and understand the athlete better than anyone on the planet.† This is what they... Free Essays on â€Å"Sports Drinks Refresh Rivalry For Coke, Pepsi† Free Essays on â€Å"Sports Drinks Refresh Rivalry For Coke, Pepsi† This article takes a look at Coke’s Powerade vs. Pepsi’s Gatorade and how Coke plans on reviving their struggling product. Throughout this article it is apparent that Coke is using motivation and leadership while managing to change its underdog product. The company hopes that by using these methods they will gain more of the market share in the sport drink industry with the rival of Powerade. In the article Rohan Oza, a senior brand manager who is in charge of the Powerade campaign, claims the company is, â€Å"evolving the sports-drink category†. Coke is using a proactive process of change, since they are setting a new course of action for their sports drink rather than correcting the current one. Beginning last summer, Mr. Oza formed a quality circle to develop new strategies for the product. He stated that the group â€Å"started with a blank sheet†. The team was made of motivated individuals who had an organizational goal of working to achieve success above Pepsi’s Gatorade in the industry. The team began to â€Å"live and feel the brand,† says the Mr. Oza. They met with football players, energy experts, psychologists, and even talked to a MTV producer to make decisions about how the product should evolve. The equity theory will hopefully prove that the knowledge, education and experience of the team will allow their new strategy to be successful. The campaign that normally would take a team two years to develop took them less than one. This was in part due to many decisions that were made on instinct, such as the products new logo. While Coke is implementing many new ways to get their product to the consumer, Pepsi still remains to be the leader in the industry. Pepsi claims, â€Å"We’re going to watch Powerade closely and see how they do.† However they don’t feel that it will affect what they do. Pepsi believe they, â€Å"know and understand the athlete better than anyone on the planet.† This is what they...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Gathering Research Data Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gathering Data - Research Paper Example The paper will focus on the ways at which the lives of these policemen are threatened and also the way they, the policemen feel about their jobs. Most of the policemen have different feelings about the nature of the jobs that they chose to take as their professions. The feelings that they have significaantly depend on the ways at which they have lived their lives while in the line of duty. The methods that are to be used to collect information in this research are interviews, questionnaires, ethnography, and secondary data which include papers that have ever been written and relate to the same topic. These questions are to be asked in the open ended interviews and questionnaires. Open ended questionnaire were used in qualitative research because it facilitates better knowledge of the nature of issue at stake. There is also the fact that open ended questionnaires give room for self opinion without influence since the questioning is done in private (Patton, 2002). How do you see your p rofession? Do you enjoy what you are doing? What problems do you face at work? How do you solve the problems that you face? How do you manage to balance between family and work? Do you know of any friend who has in the past been impacted by the stresses of work? Written sources from the past have shown that a majority of policemen feel that they have faced grave danger in their works or near death experiences. These show that what they do to protect the common citizen is by a far extent a great threat to their lives and the welfare of their loved ones. Despite the fact that every police officer is conscious of the physical and mental dangers that they may face, or they are already facing in the line of duty, most of them have been greatly impacted on by these danger or hazards to the extent that they become mentally disturbed. The pressure of being on the law enforcement sectors puts many police officers on the risks of getting diseases such as high blood pressure, increase in destr uctive stress hormones, heart problem or even sometimes the risks of committing suicide. This shows the dangers that police officers encounter while in the line of duty. Some of the officers get killed while trying to enforce the law while some end up getting mental problems since they have encountered stressing situations while in the line of duty (Bano, 2011). Most of the policemen that have been questioned in past interviews expressed the fact they get out of their homes with the fear that they might never get to return since they may end up being killed by gangsters leaving their families to suffer if they were the sole bread winners in the family. Others stressed on the fact that they make mistakes when they are trying to execute their work, and these mistakes in the end cost them their jobs, rendering them jobless with no ways of catering for their family needs. In some cases such as job accidents where individuals get hurt, it is up to the police officer to take responsibilit y for the damage. In this case, the officer who might have shot the person is then taken into custody or gets fired despite the fact that he or she had no intention of committing the mistake. The officer gets to pay for the mistake that he or she made in the line of defending innocent civilians. A research conducted by Bushara Bano showed that the factors that contribute

Friday, November 1, 2019

Email repies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Email repies - Coursework Example One strongly believes that the Epistles provide lessons that confirm the existence of the Divine Trinity through the words and life of Jesus Christ. The response was therefore a positive manifestation of spiritual growth and an enhancement of appreciation for God’s Words through the readings. The discussion provided by Classmate B initially differentiated the way Fee and Stuart apparently discussed both historical and literary contexts of the Epistles; eventually, hermeneutical challenges were expounded, prior to providing comparative applications to contemporary times. The good point raised was the cultural context within which the contexts were written, explaining diversity in beliefs, practices and values that were eminent at that time. One contends that there is validity in taking into account the culture and historical context into which the biblical authors wrote their discourse. Greater understanding and appreciation of discerning that diversity in their applicability has been significantly due to the time element that transpired since then. One therefore commends the manner by which the thread was written in discerning the crucial elements that enhanced one’s learning through the discussed

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Legal Research Pathfinder Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Pathfinder - Research Paper Example C. 2008). That is child sexual harassment. As per Dziech, sexual harassment in education remains an overlooked problem in the society, with the senior management of these educational institutions refusing its existence and refraining from taking any strict, efficacious action against it (Lewis, J. F., & Hastings, S. C. 1994; Layman, N. S. 1994; Machay, J.). Needless to say, this problem exists even outside educational institutions and does warrant some immediate action against it. This is my personal opinion that when we adults are more or less aware of what is going on, when someone whistles in the street or leers at us in the elevator, a child does not have the necessary level of social understanding and power to know what is going on and how to stand up against it, not to mention of the subsequent mental trauma and depression (W. L. Felstiner, R. L. Abel & A. Sarat, 1980-1981). Being responsible citizens of the country, it is our duty to take care of the future of our country, and these children are the future of our country. Needless to say, every state has its own set of child sexual abuse laws and a person who has been impeached with child sexual abuse at the federal level, may still face serious consequences at the state level. Statutory rape, in the simplest of definitions, is basically sexual exploitation of the minor (USC Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure). As noted in the IPT Journal - "Child Sexual Abuse: Is the Routine Provision of Psychotherapy Warranted?† The notion that child sexual abuse is a "destroyer" of mental health  has been based largely on studies involving clinical samples (Berliner & Elliott, 1996). And this is proved by a numerous real-life examples as well. For example, the study done by the social working group ‘Mkombozi’ on the Tanzanian schools showed a shocking incident of a young boy being sexually abused by the members of the neighborhood school (CRIN - Violence Study -

Monday, October 28, 2019

Jury Trail Analysis Essay Example for Free

Jury Trail Analysis Essay A Jury Trail is a trial that proceeds like any other trial however the judges do not determine guilt or innocence in the case. A group of people that have been selected by both the defense and the prosecution sides in the case. These people that have been selected have sworn to inquire into matters of fact and reach a verdict on the basis of the evidence that during the case has been presented to them(Thefreedictionary, 2013). The trial by jury has become the central role in the criminal justice system. The Jury Trail has been known as an impartial was for a person to get a fair trial. This is based on that the person being tried having people just like them minus the crime being the one to decided guilt of innocence. The steps in a jury trial are as follows, selection of jury, the trial, the judge charge, deliberation, the verdict (Thefreedictionary, 2013). The jury selection process is quite a process. It starts with the county calling in its citizens for what is called a Voir Dire. This is the process by which citizens are questioned before being selected to hear evidence as juror (Thefreedictionary, 2013). After the questioning process the selected jury will be sworn in to hear evidence in the case. The trial is where both sides will present their evidence and arguments in the case. This is also were the judge may give remarks to the jury. Sides will give opening speeches, witnesses are called for direct and cross-examination and exhibits are presented (Thefreedictionary, 2013). Once both sided have presented their sides of the arguments they will give summary and closing arguments. The judge’s charge is after the defense and the prosecutions have presented their case and have given their closing arguments. The judge instructs the jury as to what laws apply to the case and what those laws mean(Nolo, 2013). The judge could also give the jury more information on the case and allow them to see evidence that was presented in the case. The Deliberation is when the jury goes into a private room to discuss the case and reach a decision. They may talk to no one except the Judge if they have questions. The verdict is when the jury returns to the courtroom and the foreperson announces the decision. The attorneys may ask that the jury be polled(Nolo, 2013). This is when each juror is asked separately there decision on each charge in the case. After the jury has made and read their decision on the case the judge will decide what the sentence will be for each count in the case. The selection of a fair and unbiased jury has a process that may take some time. The court that is handling the trial will bring in many different people that live in the area. Then they are asked a set of questions pertaining to their thoughts about certain topics that may or may not pertain to the case that they will or will not hear. The jury that is picked has to be chosen by both sides, the prosecutor and the defense team have to agree for the person to be made a jury member. A person has to show the courts that they don’t hold resentment towards a certain action, class of people, groups, actions on a person or the courts itself. The jury that is then chosen is taken to a room and sworn in and given instructions on what the do’s and don’ts are during their duty. The sixth amendment is a part of the constitution that gives the public the right to a public trial in criminal cases. These are where the court room is open to friends and family of the defendant and the victim of the crime. It also allow for a person to get a jury trial and a speedy trial. The confrontation clause of the Sixth Amendment gives defendants the right to be confronted by the witnesses against them. This gives defendants the right to cross-examine witnesses that is, the right to require the witnesses to come to court, look the defendant in the eye, and subject themselves to questioning by the defense(Nolo, 2013). The sixth amendment also provides that all people have the right to be represented by and attorney. A defendant shall provide their own defense; if they cannot afford a attorney the judge will appoint one for them at no cost to them. They also have the right to adequate representation. If there attorney of the one appointed to them by the courts does not, call favorable witnesses, object to mistakes, uses drugs, or a attorney that no long can handle cases, then they do not have adequate representation. There is a clause in the Fifth Amendment that states a person will be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Displays of Love in Endymion and Tamburlaine Essay -- Marlowe Lily

Comparing and contrasting the kinds of love represented by Tellus and Endymion in Lyly’s comedy of errors, Edymion, and the love between Tamburlaine and Zenocrate in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine show similarities where passions drive lovers to capture suitors, but differ in one couple desiring the unattainable, and another taking action to attain. Love is presented in different ways, specifically in Lyly’s play the love is unattainable and unreal, as opposite in Marlowe’s play the love is attainable. Both, couples also have similarities when lovers are driven by their passions. We can judge Tellus by her actions and their consequences. If she loves Endymion, she has a strange way of showing it. Tellus in the end is responsible for arranging a sorceress to put him into a deep sleep that lasts decades and robs him of his youth. When confronted by Cynthia in 5.4, Tellus confesses her wicked actions and professes her love for Endymion. Tellus’ love for Endymion is so intense that it made her dangerously possessive of him. She tells Cynthia of a â€Å"not-to-be-expressed yet always-to-be-felt love.† (5.4.71) Tellus’ love sickens her, and when she realizes her lover loves another, her love turns into hate. Perhaps hate and love are similar in this play. They are similar in the way that they are intensely the extreme. Extreme love makes Tellus sick, and extreme hate makes her act on revenge to hurt her love. Her excuse for wicked ways is that her body was becoming sick from this kind of love. Her feelings are psychologically re al, but incredible unhealthy. She rationalizes her actions by pleading a kind of self-defense. Tellus is a dangerous, possessive woman, who probably never really experienced love that is kind, gentle a... ...n unattainable love, but Tamburlaine wins it through battle. Though Tamburlaine captures Zenocrate, he does not rape her. Instead, he professes to win her love and her heart with the only means he knows how – through battle. In conclusion, the lovers in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine and Edymion and Tellus in Lyly’s Endymion are all consumed and controlled by their passions. Both couple are relatively young in the psychologically stages of their love and both couples initially victims and capture love. Perhaps the greatest difference is that Marlowe has written a love story that ends in victory. Just as Tamburlaine is a great conquer in the battlefield, he, too is a great conquer in love. His prize is Zenocrate and her heart opens to him. Whereas Tamburlaine is victorious, our lovers, Endymion and Tellus, reach for the unattainable, and lose in the end.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

‘Deadly Unna?’ By Phillip Gwynne Essay

‘Deadly Unna?’ was the first novel of the famous Australian author, Phillip Gwynne, published in 1998. The fascinating drama novel expresses the inter-racial friendship between two teenage boys, Gary â€Å"Blacky† Black and â€Å"Dumby† Red. The book focuses on many complications the adolescence face, for example racism, favouritism, relationships, families, exclusion and more. ‘Deadly Unna?’ is set in the Port and Peninsula of South Australia, the ‘Goonyas’ (white Australians) are based in the Port and the ‘Nungas’ (the Aboriginals) are located on the Peninsula. The reason for this separation is to emphasise the racial tension between the white Australians and the Aboriginals that the author is trying to present. The story is told from the perspective of the main character, ‘Blacky’. As the story is being told by a white Australian you would be led to believe that it is going to be a very biased story but in this case it is quite the opposite situation. Gary Black is one of the few, if not the only, characters from the Port that truly understands the similarity that the two races acquire which enables the readr to see Aboriginals in a different light from the generalised/sterotypical image common in Australia. Gary â€Å"Blacky† Black is the major character in this novel, as the basis of the book revolves around him and his experiences and complications he faces in his youthful life. Blacky is more academic then he is sport orientated, though saying this he does play football. Blacky has a rather large family consisting of eight children, a stay-at-home mother and a hindering father. Blacky gets along with his siblings though they do have the occasional conflict, he is proud of his mother but unfortunately has a weak relationship with his father because of a previous controversy. Though Dumby Red did not physically appear very often throughout the book,  one particular incident involving Dumby Red arose great racial contention. Dumby Red was a very enthusiastic, optimistic and extremely self-assertive character. He was responsible for Blacky’s change of mind towards the Aboriginals, he was the one the made Blacky see the Aboriginals for who they really are, not who they are said to be. ‘Pickles’ is Blacky’s best friend, he in highly intolerable with his disgusting habits and his lack of general hygiene and know one will ever know why Blacky’s relationship with him is so strong. ‘Arks’ is Blacky’s over enthusiastic and encouraging football coach, he was a great influence on Blacky’s football performance in the grand final. Clarence is Dumby Red’s sister, at one point in the novel Blacky was rather fond of her though he was warned by Darcy that he must be careful who he associates himself with. Darcy is Blackys next door neighbour, the elderly man is very king to young Blacky and is always full of good advice, Blacky enjoys spending time with him and hearing about his fascinating life. The book is separated into two sections, winter and summer. Winter being the football season and summer the off season. The beginning of the novel focuses on football and Blacky’s attempt to be the hero of his team. It briefly touches on relationship and racial difficulties though the real complications reach their climax towards summer. Horrific crimes occur making the plot very interesting, people are being blamed, hearts are being broken and choices are having to be made. The Port’s football team make the grand final, disaster occurs on a boat, family relationships are tested, there is dispute at the football awards, the death of a well loved character provokes outrage throughout the community, true friendship is being questioned and Blacky follows his heart to do what is right. The purpose/aim of ‘Deadly Unna?’ is to highlight the seriousness of racism that takes place in the country we live in, as well as focusing on many concerns that adolescences face today. This is very effective as the book is intended for young adults meaning they are able to relate and compare their  lives to the ones created in the book. The use of Australian ‘slang’ (for example youse, ya and g’day) in the novel was also very powerful as it strengthened the realism of the characters. Many people nowadays do speak with ‘slang’ and it is the stereotypical way the true Australians communicate. A definite strength of the book is that it is written in first person, the use of Blacky’s thoughts and feelings throughout allows insight into the life he lives during the dramas that occur. The fact that Blacky was not bias in his feeling towards the Aborigines also assisted in allowing the reader to understand both sides of the racial conflict. The only minor weaknesses in the novel were the friendship between Blacky and Dumby Red. Though is does discus how good of ‘mates’ they were, it did not go into great detail of the complexities they face because of their inter-racial relationship. The other flaw in the novel was the misleading blurb, the blurb deceives the reader to think that the story line will be revolved around Blacky and Dumby Red facing the community whereas it focus on the much broader community facing the truth about the Aborigines. Overall the book was thoroughly enjoyable and should be recommended to other teenagers. The humour the novel possesses mixed in with the moving theme of racism made the book a worthwhile read. As James Bryce, a diplomat, historian and politician, said â€Å"The worth of the book is measured by what you can carry away from it†.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Technology In Private Healthcare Sector Health And Social Care Essay

There has been increasing usage of Health Information Technology ( HIT ) into governmental and private wellness attention sector. The authorities has already spent plenty on federally regulated wellness industries for implementing HIT, and achieved favourable results. The private health care organisations like place health care, group place, grownup Foster attention, private patterns, and rehabilitation centres are the targeted centres for implementing HIT to better the quality of attention, lessening wellness costs and diminish medical mistakes. The execution of HIT has many possible positive effects, but it besides has few negative effects that have to be resolve in close hereafter. The demand of implementing HIT is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours because of deceitful activities may endanger state ‘s wellness. This research survey concludes that execution of HIT has possible to better state ‘s wellness attention services. Section I: Definition OF THE PROBLEMBackgroundThe wellness attention system of United States began as a chiefly voluntary or generous system where patients paid small to no money for wellness attention services. Since its initial phases, this system has undergone some major alterations ( Thomas-Brogan, 2009 ) . Health attention has now evolved into a concern organic structure that requires considered planning, fiscal direction, equipped controls, and efficient fortes to keep its feasibleness in both governmental and private wellness sectors. Harmonizing to Thomas-Brogan ( 2009 ) , â€Å" the wellness attention industry is one of the largest industries in United States, using over 13 million workers with the jutting addition of over 3 million new occupations by the twelvemonth 2014 † . The mean life expectancy for U.S. citizen is 77.9 old ages of age, harmonizing to the National Center for Health Statistics. As the mean life anticipation bound additions, the aged citizens, whic h is the largest group of wellness attention consumers, will besides turn wellness attention industries ( Thomas-Brogan, 2009 ) . Due to current progresss in engineering and emerging jobs associated with efficiency and quality of wellness attention services, there are some chances to better quality life for underserved United States citizens through execution of information engineerings ( Moiduddin & A ; Moore, 2008 ) . The attending is being targeted towards the potency of Health Information Technology ( HIT ) in private health care industries to diminish wellness attention costs and to better quality, safety and efficiency of wellness attention services in United States of America ( kaiserEDU, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Miller ( 2005 ) , in 1999 the Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) surprised the American population with its estimation that between 40,000 to 90,000 lives were lost due to medical mistakes. While the IOM established a balanced facet of the root causes, many wellness attention organisations seized a solution to better quality attention of the patient: Computerized Supplier Order Entry ( CPOE ) . The effectual drivers of investing in HIT contain the promise of quality and efficiency additions. Key privateness moralss for screening personal information have been in continuance for old ages and supply a charity for privateness Torahs, patterns, and policies ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . In 1996, the execution and ordinance of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ( HIPAA ) define the conditions under which an person ‘s privy wellness information may be used or disclosed. In April 2004, under the supervising of President Bush an executive order has been issued for the development and execution of interoperable HIT in both the populace and private sectors to better the effectivity of wellness attention services in United States, and developing the office of the National Coordinator for HIT ( ONC ) ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . The barriers of execution of Information Technology ( IT ) include the beginning cost and complex construction of IT execution, which often requires important procedures and cultural alterations ( Medpac, 2004 ) . Certain features of wellness attention like payment policies and fragmented bringing system can besides present barrier for IT acceptance. Over cumbrous informations and deficiency of convenience of doctor besides considered as barriers for implementing IT system in wellness attention. Security and privateness issues for patient information besides can play function as barriers in wellness information engineering.Statement of the jobThere is grounds to propose that Health Information Technology has potential to better the quality of attention in state ‘s wellness attention services.Purpose of the surveyThe intent of this survey is to heighten readers ‘ consciousness about benefits available sing Health Information Technology in private wellness attention sector which could better state ‘s wellness and wealth.Research QuestionsThe undermentioned research inquiries created the solid foundation for this research. The inquiry stated will assist to place how to utilize the information engineering in wellness attention system, what are the chief concentrated countries for the execution of HIT, and the negative and positive effects of HIT. Does wellness information engineering have capableness to better the quality attention, cut down medical mistakes and wellness attention costs? What are the positive and negative effects of implementing wellness information engineering in private wellness attention sector?Definition of footingsElectronic Health Record ( EHR ) : â€Å" The Electronic Health record ( EHR ) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient wellness information generated by one or more brushs in any attention bringing scene † ( himms.org, 2010 ) . These electronic wellness records include patients ‘ demographics, advancement sheets, diagnosing and medicine lists, research lab consequences and radiology studies. These wellness records streamline the doctor ‘s work procedure. Underserved U.S. citizens: Underserved U.S. citizens mean those citizens populating in U.S. still non having proper wellness attention services. The major features of this type of population are hapless ; uninsured ; have limited English linguistic communication proficiency ; lack acquaintance or complexness with wellness attention system ; and those who live in rural countries ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . E-Prescription: E-Prescription is â€Å" a prescriber ‘s ability to electronically direct an accurate, error-free and apprehensible prescription straight to a pharmaceutics from the point-of-care † ( CMS, 2010 ) . In 2003, the constitution of electronic prescribing in the Medicare Modernization Act ( MMA ) was the first measure, and in July 2006 the Institute of Medicine developed the function of e-prescribing in diminishing medical mistakes, and helped to heighten the apprehension of e-prescribing in patient safety. Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) : CPOE is defined as a computing machine system that permits direct credence of medical orders by the professional who has licence and civil autonomies to make so. The benefit of direct come ining orders in COPE system is reduced mistakes by disregarding the uncertainness of hand-written medical orders ( CPOE, 2009 ) . Clinical Decision Support ( CDS ) : Cadmium is a information system premeditated to better clinical determination doing sing patients ‘ diagnostic and curative advancement of attention ( Koontz & A ; Powner, 2007 ) . Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid ( CMS ) : CMS is a federal bureau of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, antecedently known as Health Care Financing Administration ( HCFA ) which governs Medicare Programs, Medicaid Programs, State Children ‘s Programs ( SCHIP ) , and other wellness portability plans. The Medicare and Medicaid were established through Social Security Act on July 30, 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson ( CMS, 2010 ) .RestrictionsDue to the six hebdomads clip restraint, it would be deficient to carry on more primary and secondary research on current proviso of wellness information engineering in wellness attention installations. Therefore, the figure of research will be limited due to the short clip period. Section II: Reappraisal OF LITERATUREIntroductionInformation Technology includes informations direction, networking, technology computing machine hardware, package design, database design and direction and disposal of systems. Information Technology uses electronic computing machine package which allows converting, hive awaying, protecting, processing, conveying and recovering the information in a unafraid manner. Information Technology allows sharing calculating power and split work load between different systems ( Hill, 2010 ) . Health Information Technology ( HIT ) is the wide model to depict the comprehensive direction of wellness information with the secure transmittal between wellness information consumer and wellness attention supplier. The wellness information engineering can be identified as the most promising tool to better the overall quality, safety every bit good as efficiency of the wellness bringing and receiving system ( NACCHO, 2010 ) . The wellness attention system of United States of America consists of governmental wellness organisations and private wellness organisations. Implementation of Health Information Technology has been playing function since 1990s, but Congress could non accomplish success in implementing HIT in private sectors of wellness industries such as, place wellness attention, nursing places, grownup Foster attention, group places, place doctor services, pressing attention, rehabilitation plans, skilled nursing installations, etc. The wellness attention services in these countries count about 40 % of entire wellness attention outgo by wellness insurance companies. Even though available benefits by federal, many wellness organisations are non ready to utilize advanced wellness information engineering to better quality services. The health care section of United States of America is puting over $ 1.7 trillion yearly in wellness attention services ; still the citizens are inundated with pathetic quality and inefficient services ( RAND Health, 2005 ) . The Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) , the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics ( NCVHS ) , and other proficient panels have recognized information engineering as one of the most dominating cogwheels for cut downing medical mistakes, diminishing wellness attention costs, and educating the quality of wellness attention services. The end for these systems is to work impeccably as an component of a National Health Information Infrastructure ( NHII ) , which could ease wellness attention suppliers anyplace in the state to entree patient information at the point of attention ( Redhead, 2005 ) . In early 1987, a particular study was published on infirmary information system at the Veterans Administration sing its efficiency. That early attempt was the gradual oncoming of wellness information sciences, but absence of advanced engineerings ceased down the early success. But strong attempts by the authoritiess and fiscal bond outs helped Health Information Technology to deep their roots into the land. The lone drawback of implementing wellness information engineering in little wellness industries and organisations is an expensive initial apparatus of engineering ( RAND Health, 2005 ) . Most of the wellness attention suppliers need advanced information technological system to organize a patient ‘s attention with other wellness attention suppliers. This system transfers required wellness records, size up conformity with bar and disease direction rules, and buttocks and percolate up public presentations ( RAND Health, 2005 ) . Each province in United States has its ain health care squad to implement Health Information Technology into their wellness attention system. Michigan is the great illustration which has good developed health care squad called the Michigan Health Information Network ( MiHIN ) ( MiHIN, 2010 ) . The MiHIN is initiated by State of Michigan to concentrate in betterment of quality wellness attention services, efficiency, and safety of the patients. The MiHIN is a joint venture by the Michigan Department of Community Health ( MDCH ) and the Michigan Department of Information Technology ( MDIT ) . The MiHIN is seting indispensable attempt in wellness attention suppliers to utilize electronic wellness records in a important manner that permits patient ‘s medical records to be available as it needed ( MiHIN, 2010 ) .Why Healthcare System of United States Needs HITThe wellness attention system of United States becomes more and more expensive, and the entire outgo by the wellness attentio n section is about $ 1.9 trillion or $ 6,500 per capita each twelvemonth. The relationship between the growing of wellness attention disbursement and current economic system is per se compound and multidimensional. The addition in wellness attention outgo can be considered as a weight on immense economic growing and as a driving force of local prosperity. At a local degree, the growing in wellness attention disbursement is viewed as good portion, because its creates more occupations in wellness attention sector, increases wage criterions, expands local grosss, and increases usage of wellness related goods and services ( U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services, 2004 ) . The tabular array 1 shows passing on wellness attention services in comparing with other disbursals such as energy, labour, pension, judicial proceeding and adoption in twelvemonth 2004. Table 1. Greatest Cost Pressure on U.S. Businesss Beginning: The U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services ( 2004 ) . The effects of Healthcare disbursement on U.S. economic system. Retrieved March 17, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //aspe.hhs.gov/health/costgrowth/ The tabular array 1 sum-ups entire per centum cost of wellness attention services by authorities in comparing with other disbursals. In the twelvemonth 2004, the entire wellness attention outgo counted for 43 % from the whole governmental outgo. The sky-rocketing cost of wellness attention services and increased fraudulent activities by wellness attention suppliers played a large function in weaving off authorities histories. The chief ground in holding HIT effectual into the health care system is to diminish the fraud activities and therefore lessenings healthcare disbursals. In the current health care market many wellness attention frauds were caught by FBI and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. The biggest medical fraud was settled in June, 2003 paying $ 1.7 billion by HCA Inc – the health care company in amendss originating false claims to Medicare and other wellness insurance plans by federal. The proprietor of the company Bill Frist was involved in civil liability for fraud claims due to assortment of illegal activities, fraud charge and payment to doctors by hard currency kickbacks ( Bozita, 2009 ) .Tools of HIT in Private Health Care SectorThere are different types of tools for implementing HIT into the wellness attention system for private patterns, such as Electronic Health Records, E-prescription, Computerized Decision Support ( CDS ) , and the Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) . The usage of these HIT tools varies by their maps, and besides depends on the medical installation utilizing them consequently. The usage and benefits of these tools concrete in improved quality attention, diminish medical mistakes, and cut down wellness attention costs. And the description of part replies absolutely to oppugn one of the research. The description of the widely recognized tools is following: Electronic Health Records The Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) can be defined as the electronically available wellness records of a patient, created for speedy and easy entree for both, physicians and patient, at any clip with unafraid cyberspace sites, and created by one or more than one wellness attention suppliers. This record covers the patient history, get downing from present reference, immunization/vaccination, any wellness conditions, any medicines or prescription, advancement notes, medical trials conducted and its consequences ( HIMSS, 2010 ) . An first-class illustration for implementing EHR into the system is Palo Alto Medical Foundation ( PAMF ) which has all its patients ‘ information electronically saved into their database. The handiness of electronic wellness record at unafraid internet site of PAMF by their patients let them to see of import constituents of their medical records, reexamine the medical trial consequences and discourse it with doctors, petition electronic prescription an d renew or do assignments ( PAMF, 2010 ) . EHR besides allows doctor and office member of private patterns to remain off from documents and at finger tip they can hold the patient history in forepart of them as needed. Health attention suppliers are besides able to reexamine patient ‘s insurance information along with the charge information. Physicians are now able to mention the patient to specialist or surgeon if they want to supply expertness intervention. Before ordering any drugs, they can reexamine the patient history or information if any drug interactions are at that place ( PAMF, 2010 ) . The study conducted in November 2007 shows 63 % of 2153 U.S. grownups had agreed that the sharing of the electronic wellness record allow patients to have better wellness attention as a ground of now physicians and research workers are available to portion the information and same clip are able to extinguish the medical mistakes ( Bright, 2007 ) . E-Prescription E-prescription has been explained as the key to better patient safety and to cut down expensive medicine costs. E-prescription is an electronic way to compose prescription by come ining informations through e-prescription package and reassign informations to take parting pharmaceuticss. It is estimated that due to medical prescription mistakes around 7000 deceases occur every twelvemonth in United States of America. These mistakes are fundamentally due to hand-writing illegibility, false dose information, and missed medicine-medicine or medicine-allergy reactions. Around 3 billion paper based prescription written yearly, which counts the biggest paper-based concerns in United States of America ( Pennell, 2009 ) . The construction and map of the e-prescription package are setup with full of benefits and extraordinary characteristics. The warning and watchful system of the package provide guidelines on holding the incorrect information on the prescribed drugs. The package is equipped with medicine direction procedure with the aid of Drug Utilization Review ( DUR ) plans. The DUR plans check patient ‘s current medicine program for drug-drug interactions, drug-allergy interactions, multiple diagnosings, right dose of prescribed drugs, inauspicious effects, etc. Many of the new soft-wares can besides entree patients ‘ program of wellness with the diagnosings and intervention at a clip of ordering drugs as an qui vive if there is any drug wrongness ( Pennell, 2009 ) . The private patterns and place wellness bureaus receive 1000000s of phone calls from pharmaceuticss sing the prescribed medical specialties, doses, and refill petitions. An E-prescription helps to cut down the phone calls and call-backs for pharmaceuticss and physician ‘s offices. The study conducted in 2003 by Medco Health Solutions has ruled out that doctors and the staff of doctors ‘ offices in Boston spend one tierce of their office clip in replying pharmaceutics phone calls, facsimiling prescriptions, draw out charts, replenishing charts, call-backs which reduces office work flow and productiveness ( Pennell, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Pennell ( 2009 ) , it is estimated that 20 % of the hand-written prescription orders go lost and ne'er filled by the patient at pharmaceuticss. But the e-prescription systems increase patient conformity by progressing the filling of prescription and provides drug literature printed to the patient. It besides helps patients to better formulary attachment by look intoing generic substances at point of attention. It increases patient convenience by cut downing their visits to pharmaceuticss and diminishing their waiting periods ( Pennell, 2009 ) . Recent study by Pamela Dolan ( 2010 ) describes a important rise in the figure of wellness attention suppliers who prescribe medicine electronically. In private wellness attention sector, there is merely one doctor out of four seeking to utilize e-prescription. The Surecripts, state ‘s largest e-prescribing web, released advancement study which shows important advancement in utilizing e-prescription. Table 2 shows the drastic rush of Numberss of wellness attention suppliers utilizing engineering from 2007 to 2009. Table 2: E-prescription Growth Industry Beginning: Dolan, P. L. ( 2010, March 15 ) . E-prescribing growth, but most patterns still do non usage it. Retrieved March 16, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amaassn.org/amednews/2010/03/15/bisb0315.htm In sum-up of Table 2, it is cleared that the consciousness of benefits by utilizing wellness information engineering is widely spread out amongst the doctors and the infirmaries. The addition in Numberss itself says that the demand for wellness information technological tools is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. The estimated growing of utilizing HIT tools will be more than 200 % from 2009 to 2010 ( Dolan, 2010 ) .Professionals of Implementing HIT in Private Healthcare SectorThe usage of computing machines and electronic devices enables doctors and other wellness attention suppliers to administer and entree medical records ( Bihari, 2010 ) . Health Information Technology helps to acquire the higher quality attention and is readily accessible by physicians at any location. As all the information is electronically available, physicians can rapidly entree to patient history any clip. This electronic information eliminate paperwork and the same clip cut down the storage infinite and cut down staff clip to keep medical records. As a consequence it helps wellness attention concerns to cut down costs and clip ( Wangia, 2009 ) . An electronic wellness record provides information about any immunization/vaccination that has been taken in past and any medical trials that have been conducted in past with its trial consequences. Therefore, it is easy for physicians to happen whether the immunization/vaccination or medical trial was already done or non and money salvaging for the patients, as they do n't necessitate to reiterate the immunization/vaccination or medical trial ( Bihari, 2010 ) . The Health Information Technology provides evidence-based reviews to the doctor about any type of radiological trial order to patients, and happening out whether the patient had that earlier or non with its consequences ( CBO, 2008 ) . This finally helps to command the costs. The electronic wellness records of infirmaries, which include the Clinical Decision System ( CDS ) every bit good as the Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) to cut down the cost of prescription drugs. The electronic wellness records allow doctors to look into the list of medicines patient return, list of possible drug allergic reactions ( if any ) and any drug interactions or reaction of medicine. Therefore, physician before ordering any drug or medical specialty can travel through the electronic wellness record of patient to avoid or to minimise the hazard of any drug interactions or reactions ( CBO, 2008 ) . Besides these, the Health Information Technology ( HIT ) with the electronic wellness records allows patients to hold active entree of wellness attention records of medical history and intervention. This besides allows to see the refill a prescription and to reexamine any conducted medical trial consequences. Thus an electronic wellness record allows patients to discourse wellness job with the physician on phone without seeing really ( Bihari, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to 2005 drumhead study of infirmaries, because of wellness information engineering, the nurses have less paperwork and they use the saved clip productiveness work such as assisting patient to acquire appropriate preventative attention, supplying better instruction about their heath, etc ( CBO, 2008 ) . However the electronic wellness records of Health Information Technology are available on a really unafraid web that means it has strong privateness available. This allows a patient to inquire concerns to the physician by electronic mails without any vacillation. The electronic mails are merely accessible by physicians, which reduces the transmittal mistake of accurate information electronically every bit good as cut downing the opportunities of error that may happen while one misread physician ‘s script. The electronic wellness records of Health Information Technology cut down the duplicate hazard of any wellness attention supplier ‘s diagnostic process ( Wangi a, 2009 ) .Improvements in Governmental HIT SectorThe President Clinton and President Bush had besides applied compulsory usage of HIT in 1999, 2003, 2008 and now President Obama made it confirmed that by 2012 each and every medical installation must utilize wellness information engineering into their system. The Congress had declared bundles many times to deep the root of HIT into the system to do it truly effectual in bettering quality attention throughout the state, but merely the half success is achieved. An electronic wellness record is a systematic record of electronic wellness information of a patient and allows an person to hold large scope of informations in comprehensive or drumhead signifier such as medical history, medical conditions, allergic reactions or reactions of any medical specialties, immunization/vaccination taken, medical trial consequences every bit good as charge information. Therefore, late the quality of wellness record in the Veterans Hospital has improved a batch. Millions of pending or inactive documents are now active and are resolved. These were possible merely because of the electronic wellness record of wellness information engineering ( Goldstein, 2009 ) . An employee of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, was working in the charge section and was involved in the offense of stealing of patients ‘ record and earned tonss of money by victimizing the insurance companies or by bear downing patients for the intervention that they ne'er received it. But due to the handiness of electronics records both by patient and the physicians, this type of offense or fraud are now evitable easy and rapidly ( Goldstein, 2009 ) .Cons of Implementing HIT in Private Healthcare SectorEven though the wellness information engineering have rationalized the concern procedure, it has besides decreases occupation, downsizing every bit good as outsourcing of employees, these all leads to unemployment overall. For illustration, due to the wellness information engineering, there is less paper work for office employees which means with lesser figure of people the same sum of work can be done. And people start losing their occupations as there is no exces sively much paper work to make. Besides the quicker, easy and convenient communicating by the wellness information engineering, there are opportunities of interceptions to e-mail hacking. And besides people do non desire that their personal information is going public accessible. For illustration, to salvage their ain clip people send an electronic mail to their physician about their concern inquiry for their wellness and the electronic mail hacker can read their personal information in electronic mail and do it available for general populace. Therefore, sometimes people get more disquieted with electronically available information. However, as per the research survey conducted by Richard Hillestad and associate members at RAND, the Las Vegas Sun reports the execution of an Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) system would take about 15 old ages countrywide and initial puting cost of an Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) system in hospital apparatus is about $ 98 billion and in doctors is about $ 17 billion. This means that the mean annual cost in hospital apparatus is $ 6.5 billion whereas the mean annual cost in doctors ‘ apparatus is $ 1.1 billion ( MediLexicon, 2005 ) . It is in general being said by the industry experts that today ‘s biggest issue of occupation security is due to the cyberspace engineering. In the universe of invariably altering engineering, people have to do their egos cognizant and update about it, otherwise it would be hard to work for them and finally they lose their occupations. For illustration, the aged staff members at physicians ‘ office have to larn this electronic heath record maintaining system or they might lose their occupations because of non able to execute accurately. This besides relates to elder patients, who do non hold any thought about the computing machine systems and can non entree their personal information at a peculiar clip. As technological progresss take topographic point twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, there is besides a menace of cyberspace viruses any minute on computing machine systems. Peoples learnt a lesson in earlier yearss, when Y2K virus infested many computing machine systems, and wipe out all informations from difficult thrust. If this could go on to damage patients ‘ informations in infirmaries, so there is no usage to hold wellness information engineering to continue medical records updated ( Koffey, 1999 ) . Some advocates sustain that put ining Health Information Technology ( HIT ) system in doctor ‘s office or private infirmary apparatus is harder and complex than put ining merely a Health Information Technology ( HIT ) system or package in a computing machine and connecting to the Internet Explorer ( NCPA, 2010 ) . The Health Information Technology ( HIT ) is fundamentally manus held device, intending the electronic wellness record is maintained and updated by worlds into the computing machine. Therefore, there might be possible opportunities of holding an mistake during the information direction. There might be possibility of an mistake during come ining the study or consequence of any medical trial consequence, which at later may do bigger or unsafe jobs. For illustration the medical trial consequence of X individual says the blood sugar degree is 120 and by misidentify the individual who come ining the information in the system typed 210, which means individual X is diagnosed with higher sugar degree and considered as diabetic patient.President Obama ‘s HIT Contribution in Healthcare Reform Plan of 2010The current economical drawback and increased fraud, maltreatment and waste in wellness attention disables consumers from acquiring economical medical benefits and leads to worsen in qua lity of wellness attention ( Hasan, 2010 ) . One of the biggest challenges for United States of America is to finalise scheme and thoughts which help consumers holding medical benefits with quality and economical coverage in private wellness attention sector. The recent scheme of President Obama is to welcome and appreciate any thought which can diminish the wellness attention outgo, bring quality attention, cut down fraud and maltreatment, and gives consumer pick of health care. The Major Constraints The major restraints in President Obama ‘s Health Care Reform Plan are ( Hasan, 2010 ) : Low-cost, Portable, and Quality Health Coverage for All Standardizing and Overhauling the U.S. Health Care System to Lower Costs & A ; Improve Quality Promoting Prevention and Strengthening Public wellness Description & A ; Coverage The President Obama ‘s vision to the health care system is so concrete that non even a individual U.S. citizen suffers from unequal health care. President Obama ‘s estimated cost for health care reform program is about $ 50 to $ 65 billion. The existent measure provides $ 5 million to Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid ( CMS ) in 2010 and $ 10 million every twelvemonth from 2011 to 2019 ( Brewin, 2010 ) . The health care reform program caters investing in HIT aimed at dropping extreme disbursals that occur from decreased medical mistakes and weave off uneffective paper-based charge system. The health care program ‘s chief docket is to give cosmopolitan wellness insurance which will decrease unsalaried health care services ( Hasan, 2010 ) . Benefits to HIT of Private Healthcare Sector The wellness reform measure calls to innovative centre construct up for inveterate sick patients. With the aid of wellness Information Technology, patients ‘ coordination of attention would be managed by a web of suppliers connected to a chronic disease register and tele-home wellness services. For an illustration, about 20 million U.S. citizens suffer from Diabetes, and for them tele-home wellness engineering provides patients to relay blood sugar degrees to their primary attention suppliers through remote glucose metres. The statute law provides $ 5 million every twelvemonth from 2011 to 2015 to develop the autonomy at Home Medical Practice Demonstration Program, which could incorporate homecare visits by doctors, distant patient monitoring and nomadic diagnostic machines. One of the centre parts of the program is that each household will salvage around $ 2,500 every twelvemonth ( Brewin, 2010 ) . Critics The chief critic is sing to make another plan for the citizens under age of 65 or merely like Medicare is itself an expensive thought, which would do cost switching instead than cost decrease. President Obama besides wants to give more power to governmental plans like Medicaid and State Children ‘s Health Insurance Program ( SCHIP ) . Another point of treatment is about doing an investing in HIT and sing HIT is an of import component of cost control scheme of the program. Obama finds the lone manner to decide these issues is important usage of wellness information engineering ( Hasan, 2010 ) .DrumheadThe private wellness attention sector of United States of America is at hazard due to increasing demand, intensifying costs, inconsistent wellness attention services, and inactive coordinated wellness attention systems. The groundss show that wellness information engineering can better the efficiency, cost effectivity, quality, and safety of wellness attention release by doing prop er rules available to doctors throughout the wellness attention web. The wellness information engineering consists of different types of tools such as Electronic Health Records ( HER ) or Electronic Medical Records ( EMR ) , E-prescription, Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) , Clinical Decision Support ( CDS ) which have their ain functions to play consequently to better the wellness attention system in general. Though there are more positive effects of implementing HIT in private wellness attention sector, but some negative effects are besides present to blockade the complete success. Section III: MethodologyData Collection MethodThis research will use primary research methods to back up secondary research database with the aid of on-line databases. The secondary research methods include scholarly diaries, magazines, articles, intelligence paper, and texts will be used to back up the results of primary research database. The major portion of this research will be drawn from appropriate old surveies and well-performed researches that evaluated several facets of implementing wellness information engineering in governmental health care sector and private health care sector. The information aggregation method will be performed to find the possible success of implementing wellness information engineering in private health care sector. The on-line resources and studies conducted by different writers will be considered to measure the usage of wellness information engineering into their system. The demand of technological progresss into the wellness attention system of private patterns will be gathered on a proper manner to happen out the hereafter obstructions. Besides the informations aggregation method will assist to happen the grounds for hold in implementing HIT into their system. This research will besides assist to happen the ways to set e-prescription system effectual to work in private wellness attention sector to diminish hand-written prescription mistakes. The usage of electronic medical records besides can be evaluated easy in private wellness attention sector though research work. Section IV: Analysis OF DATA Evidence suggests the chances for implementing HIT is bit by bit lifting in United States health care system from governmental health care sector to private health care sector. The little private patterns and place health care bureaus have besides started seting more attempt in utilizing HIT tools to better the quality attention countrywide. The research inquiries have given solid foundation to this research undertaking and happening the nutshell was the nucleus intent of this research undertaking. These research inquiries were analyzed below: Table: 3 Does wellness information engineering have capableness to better the quality attention, cut down medical mistakes and wellness attention costs? Writers Statements Agree/Disagree Bihari, 2010. Computers and other electronic devices enable doctors to administer and entree the medical records at any clip. Agree Wangia, 2009 Due to wellness information engineering, doctors can cut down the clip in taking audiences which can salvage the clip and costs. Agree Bright, 2007 The sharing of the electronic wellness record allow patients to have better wellness attention as a ground of now physicians and research workers are available to portion the information and same clip are able to extinguish the medical mistakes. Agree Redhead, 2005 The commission on National Health Information Infrastructure facilitates easy exchange of wellness information amongst wellness attention suppliers. Agree RAND Health, 2005 Even though implementing HIT improves the quality of attention but initial set up is small expensive. Disagree KaiserEDU, 2008 The possible usage of Health Information Technology provides quality betterment, cost decrease and diminish medical mistakes into health care system Agree Moiduddin & A ; Moore, 2008 There are some chances to better quality life for underserved United States citizens through execution of information engineerings Agree This research survey has contained positive and negative effects of implementing Health Information Technology which answers inquiry two. Though private patterns are different from the big governmental health care sectors, but the positive and negative effects will be the same every bit far as they both related to quality attention and health care disbursals. The table 4 suggests analysis study for inquiry 2 of the survey: What are the positive and negative effects of implementing wellness information engineering in private wellness attention sector? Writers Statements Effectss ( Positive/Negative ) Bihari, 2010 Health Information Technology helps to acquire the higher quality attention and is readily accessible by physicians at any location. Positive Wangia, 2009 This electronic information eliminate paperwork and the same clip cut down the storage infinite and cut down staff clip to keep medical records Positive CBO, 2010 With the aid of HIT tools healthcare suppliers can entree any radiological trials any clip which provides evidence-based reviews Positive Dolan, 2010 The estimated growing of utilizing HIT tools will be more than 200 % from 2009 to 2010. Positive Koffey, 1999 Because of threatens from computing machine viruses, there is no usage to hold wellness information engineering to continue medical records updated. Negative MediLexicon, 2005 The execution of the EHR system would take about 15 old ages countrywide and initial puting cost of the EHR system in hospital apparatus is about $ 98 billion and in doctors is about $ 17 billion. Negative NCPA, 2010 Installing Health Information Technology ( HIT ) system in doctor ‘s office or private infirmary apparatus is harder and complex Negative The information analysis tabular array 4 summaries the positive and negative effects of implementing HIT into the private health care sector. The 80 per centum of the resources suggest implementing HIT into the little organisation besides has the positive effects, but 20 per centum of the resources suggest implementing HIT has negative effects in certain affairs. Section V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONSDrumheadThe wellness attention system of United States of America is confronting economic drawback in present clip, and truly needs reform in wellness attention engineering to better quality of attention and decreases cost and medical mistakes. The President Obama ‘s wellness reform measure boosted up the execution of wellness information engineering in both governmental and private wellness attention sector. The current governmental scheme seting more attempt in usage of advanced engineering into health care system to accomplish success by cut downing sky-rocketing wellness attention expenditures. The old bailout bundle counts around $ 19 billion helped a batch in implementing wellness information engineering in governmental entities. The different signifiers of HIT are Electronic Medical Records ( EMR ) , E-prescription, Computerized Physician Order Entry ( CPOE ) , Clinical Decision Support ( CDS ) , etc. are really utile tools and are really easy available to put up into the system these yearss. The initial set up is small expensive, but President Obama ‘s bundle offers fiscal aid for utilizing wellness information sciences. For an illustration, if any private physicians ‘ office wants to utilize EMR or E-prescription package, the package company will be paying to the company excess money at certain continuance on annual footing. Despite of first-class benefits such as capablenesss to cut down medical mistakes, utmost cost benefits, reduces paper-based system and thinks environmentally green, better quality of wellness attention services ; though execution of HIT has some negative effects and more researches are traveling on to diminish the cost for initial set up and do safer transit of computerized medical informations. With the aid of telephonic interviews and secondary resources, the research can do solid decision on possible benefits of implementing HIT in private wellness attention sector.DecisionIn decision, the execution of wellness information engineering has been turning from governmental wellness attention sector to private wellness attention sector. The potency of HIT has been achieved by implementing it into the wellness attention system with proper planning and proper vision. In governmental wellness attention sector, execution of HIT has reached to the success by diminishing medical mistakes, c ut downing costs, and bettering quality of attention. The execution of HIT in private wellness attention sector besides has the same capablenesss to accomplish the success in affair of quality services and diminishing medical frauds. However, there is no cogent evidence that all private patterns and place attention bureaus can take active portion in implementing wellness information engineering.RecommendationsBased on the findings of this research survey, there are some recommendations which should be implemented in private wellness attention sector for better result. In information analysis, most private patterns and place wellness attention bureaus agreed to utilize HIT tools to diminish the medical mistakes and better quality intervention. The President Obama ‘s program besides has possible to set adequate attempt, but there is no surety in following regulations and ordinances by private wellness organisations. The major recommendation is to set compulsory statute law for implementing wellness information engineering into their system to acquire choice consequences. There must be formation of a jurisprudence or the authorities has to go through a sentence for conformity to utilize HIT tools, and breaching of an Act cause important mulct or penalty. This will take definite consequences in bettering quality of attention by utilizing wellness engineering in proper manner. Other recommendations include mandatory application of wellness information engineering package for e-prescription. At least an applicable tool for e-prescription saves possible hand-written prescription mistakes and deceases occurred from these types of mistakes can be lower down finally. The same manner, EMR besides can be implemented for safety transportation and to keep the confidentiality of patients ‘ medical records. The authorities will besides do a database which can salvage all medical records of the patients countrywide. So, that manner if something happen to any private wellness organisation so at least authorities has entree to all informations and safety sedimentation of medical records can be achieved easy. The authorities besides has to do a HIT tool for electronic charge for private patterns, so they can diminish paper-based procedures and think green environmentally. This will besides take to diminish deceitful activities by the wellness attention suppliers at private patterns and place wellness bureaus.